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The future of quantum repeater networking will require interoperability between various error correcting codes. A few specific code conversions and even a generalized method are known, however, no detailed analysis of these techniques in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Shota Nagayama , Byung-Soo Choi , Simon Devitt , Shigeya Suzuki , Rodney Van Meter

Bosonic encodings of quantum information offer hardware-efficient, noise-biased approaches to quantum error correction relative to qubit register encodings. Implementations have focused in particular on error correction of stored, idle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Owen C. Wetherbee , Saswata Roy , Baptiste Royer , Valla Fatemi

Since the invention of Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol, many quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols have been proposed and some protocols are operated even in field environments. One of the striking features of QKD is that QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-18 Hiroki Takesue , Toshihiko Sasaki , Kiyoshi Tamaki , Masato Koashi

A fundamental challenge for quantum information processing is reducing the impact of environmentally-induced errors. Quantum error detection (QED) provides one approach to handling such errors, in which errors are rejected when they are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-28 Y. P. Zhong , Z. L. Wang , John M. Martinis , A. N. Cleland , A. N. Korotkov , H. Wang

We analyze an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) architecture that uses a linear chain of quantum repeaters employing photon-pair sources, spectral-multiplexing, linear-optic Bell-state measurements, multi-mode quantum…

Key reconciliation of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the process of correcting errors caused by channel noise and eavesdropper to identify the keys of two legitimate users. Reconciliation efficiency is the most important figure for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Chaohui Gao , Yu Guo , Dong Jiang , Lijun Chen

A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol describes how two remote parties can establish a secret key by communicating over a quantum and a public classical channel that both can be accessed by an eavesdropper. QKD protocols using…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Esmaeil Karimi , Emina Soljanin , Philip Whiting

We point out a critical flaw in the analysis of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols that employ the two-way error correction protocol Cascade. Specifically, this flaw stems from an incom-plete consideration of all two-way communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Devashish Tupkary , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols with threshold detectors are driving high-performance QKD demonstrations. The corresponding security proofs usually assume that all physical detectors have the same detection efficiency. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Yanbao Zhang , Patrick J. Coles , Adam Winick , Jie Lin , Norbert Lutkenhaus

Unconditional security proofs of various quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols are built on idealized assumptions. One key assumption is: the sender (Alice) can prepare the required quantum states without errors. However, such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Feihu Xu , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Designing a practical Continuous Variable (CV) Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system requires an estimation of the quantum channel characteristics and the extraction of secure key bits based on a large number of distributed quantum signals.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Xiaoyu Ai , Robert Malaney

Quantum secret-sharing and quantum error-correction schemes rely on multipartite decoding protocols, yet the non-local operations involved are challenging and sometimes infeasible. Here we construct a quantum secret-sharing protocol with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-02 Vlad Gheorghiu , Barry C. Sanders

The dimension reduction method enables security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that are originally formulated in infinite dimensions via reduction to a tractable finite-dimensional optimization. The reduction of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-27 Twesh Upadhyaya , Thomas van Himbeeck , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Aside from significant advancements in the development of optical and quantum components, the performance of practical quantum key distribution systems is largely determined by the type and settings of the error key reconciliation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Miralem Mehic , Harun Siljak

Quantum key distribution is often regarded as an unconditionally secure method to exchange a secret key by harnessing fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. Despite the robustness of key exchange, classical post-processing reveals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 William Tighe , George Brumpton , Mark Carney , Benjamin T. H. Varcoe

Quantum error-correcting codes protect fragile quantum information by encoding it redundantly, but identifying codes that perform well in practice with minimal overhead remains difficult due to the combinatorial search space and the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yihua Chengyu , Richard Meister , Conor Carty , Sheng-Ku Lin , Roberto Bondesan

We propose two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on Bell's inequality, which can be considered as modified time-reversed E91 protocol. Similar to the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-29 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu , Yan-Lin Tang , Yuan Li , Teng-Yun Chen , Zeng-Bing Chen

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. Nowadays, there are many protocols such as BB84 protocol, Lo-Chau's protocol and GR10 protocol. They usually require legitimated parties have the ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Hao Shu

In this paper, we derive key-rate expressions for different quantum key distribution protocols. Our key-rate equations utilize multiple channel statistics, including those gathered from mismatched measurement bases - i.e., when Alice and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-16 Walter O. Krawec

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) closes all the security loopholes in the detection system and is a promising solution for secret key sharing. Polarization encoding is the most common QKD encoding scheme, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Olinka Bedroya , Chenyang Li , Wenyuan Wang , Jianyong Hu , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian
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