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We tackle the Thief Orienteering Problem (ThOP), an academic multi-component problem that combines two classical combinatorial problems, namely the Knapsack Problem and the Orienteering Problem. In the ThOP, a thief has a time limit to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Jonatas B. C. Chagas , Markus Wagner

The Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimization problem that captures the interplay between routing and packing decisions by combining the classical Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and the Knapsack Problem (KP). The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jan Eube , Kelin Luo , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann , Heiko Röglin

This paper discusses a heuristic approach for Team Orienteering Problems with Time Windows. The method we propose takes advantage of a solution model based on a hierarchic generalization of the original problem, which is combined with an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-15 Roberto Montemanni , Luca Maria Gambardella

Ant-based algorithms are successful tools for solving complex problems. One of these problems is the Linear Ordering Problem (LOP). The paper shows new results on some LOP instances, using Ant Colony System (ACS) and the Step-Back Sensitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-08-28 Camelia-M. Pintea , Camelia Chira , D. Dumitrescu

The Travelling Thief Problem (TTP) is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem that attracts many scholars. The TTP interconnects two well-known NP-hard problems: the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the 0-1 Knapsack Problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Lei Yang , Zitong Zhang , Xiaotian Jia , Peipei Kang , Wensheng Zhang , Dongya Wang

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a representative of multi-component optimisation problems with interacting components. TTP combines the knapsack problem (KP) and the travelling salesman problem (TSP). A thief performs a cyclic tour…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Majid Namazi , Conrad Sanderson , M. A. Hakim Newton , Abdul Sattar

The orienteering problem (OP) is a combinatorial optimization problem that seeks a path visiting a subset of locations to maximize collected rewards under a limited resource budget. This article presents a systematic PRISMA-based review of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-19 Songhao Shen , Yufeng Zhou , Qin Lei , Zhibin Wu

The travelling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component optimisation problem involving two interdependent NP-hard components: the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the knapsack problem (KP). Recent state-of-the-art TTP solvers modify…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Majid Namazi , Conrad Sanderson , M. A. Hakim Newton , Abdul Sattar

Real-world problems are very difficult to optimize. However, many researchers have been solving benchmark problems that have been extensively investigated for the last decades even if they have very few direct applications. The Traveling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-25 Mohamed El Yafrani , Belaïd Ahiod

In this paper, we propose a method to solve a bi-objective variant of the well-studied Traveling Thief Problem (TTP). The TTP is a multi-component problem that combines two classic combinatorial problems: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Jonatas B. C. Chagas , Julian Blank , Markus Wagner , Marcone J. F. Souza , Kalyanmoy Deb

Investigation of detailed and complex optimisation problem formulations that reflect realistic scenarios is a burgeoning field of research. A growing body of work exists for the Travelling Thief Problem, including multi-objective…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Daniel Herring , Michael Kirley , Xin Yao

Many real-world problems are composed of several interacting components. In order to facilitate research on such interactions, the Traveling Thief Problem (TTP) was created in 2013 as the combination of two well-understood combinatorial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-05 Markus Wagner , Marius Lindauer , Mustafa Misir , Samadhi Nallaperuma , Frank Hutter

In real-world optimisation, it is common to face several sub-problems interacting and forming the main problem. There is an inter-dependency between the sub-problems, making it impossible to solve such a problem by focusing on only one…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Adel Nikfarjam , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

We introduce the Ants Nearby Treasure Search (ANTS) problem, which models natural cooperative foraging behavior such as that performed by ants around their nest. In this problem, k probabilistic agents, initially placed at a central…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Ofer Feinerman , Amos Korman

While traditional optimization problems were often studied in isolation, many real-world problems today require interdependence among multiple optimization components. The traveling thief problem (TTP) is a multi-component problem that has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Helen Yuliana Angmalisang , Frank Neumann

This research proposes a novel indicator-based hybrid evolutionary approach that combines approximate and exact algorithms. We apply it to a new bi-criteria formulation of the travelling thief problem, which is known to the Evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Junhua Wu , Sergey Polyakovskiy , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

This paper presents a new method for solving an orienteering problem (OP) by breaking it down into two parts: a knapsack problem (KP) and a traveling salesman problem (TSP). A KP solver is responsible for picking nodes, while a TSP solver…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Wei Liu , Tao Zhang , Rui Wang , Kaiwen Li , Wenhua Li , Kang Yang

We study two canonical online optimization problems under capacity/budget constraints: the fractional one-way trading problem (OTP) and the integral online knapsack problem (OKP) under an infinitesimal assumption. Under the competitive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Ying Cao , Bo Sun , Danny H. K. Tsang

This paper introduces the correlated arc orienteering problem (CAOP), where the task is to find routes for a team of robots to maximize the collection of rewards associated with features in the environment. These features can be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Saurav Agarwal , Srinivas Akella

A travelling thief problem (TTP) is a proxy to real-life problems such as postal collection. TTP comprises an entanglement of a travelling salesman problem (TSP) and a knapsack problem (KP) since items of KP are scattered over cities of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Majid Namazi , M. A. Hakim Newton , Conrad Sanderson , Abdul Sattar
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