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Characterizing the epoch of reionization (EoR) at $z\gtrsim 6$ via the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral Hydrogen (HI) is critical to modern astrophysics and cosmology, and thus a key science goal of many current and planned low-frequency…

We present upper limits on the 21 cm power spectrum at $z = 5.9$ calculated from the model-independent limit on the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium of $x_{\rm H{\small I }} < 0.06 + 0.05\ (1\sigma)$ derived from dark pixel…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-21 Jonathan C. Pober , Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

Detecting redshifted 21cm emission from neutral hydrogen in the early Universe promises to give direct constraints on the epoch of reionization (EoR). It will, though, be very challenging to extract the cosmological signal (CS) from…

During the epoch of reionization (EoR), the 21-cm signal allows direct observation of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the post-reionization era, this signal instead probes HI in galaxies, which traces the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-20 Sambit K. Giri , Michele Bianco , Timothée Schaeffer , Ilian T. Iliev , Garrelt Mellema , Aurel Schneider

We study the effects of box size on ENZO simulations of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z = 2. We follow statistics of the cold dark matter (CDM) and the Lya absorption. We find that the larger boxes have fewer pixels with significant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 David Tytler , Pascal Paschos , David Kirkman , Michael L. Norman , Tridivesh Jena

There is growing interest in using 3-dimensional neutral hydrogen mapping with the redshifted 21 cm line as a cosmological probe, as it has been argued to have a greater long-term potential than the cosmic microwave background. However, its…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Yi Mao , Max Tegmark , Matthew McQuinn , Matias Zaldarriaga , Oliver Zahn

Observation of the redshifted 21-cm signal from Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization is a challenging endeavor in observational cosmology. Presence of orders of magnitude brighter astrophysical foregrounds and various instrumental…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Aishrila Mazumder , Abhirup Datta , Arnab Chakraborty , Suman Majumdar

The 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a powerful probe of the evolution of the Universe. However, accurate measurements of the EoR signal from radio interferometric observations are sensitive to efficient foreground…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-23 Madhurima Choudhury , Jonathan C. Pober

A near-future detection of the 21cm signal from the epoch of reionization will provide unique opportunities to probe the underlying cosmology, provided that such cosmological information can be extracted with precision. To this end, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-28 Wenzer Qin , Katelin Schutz , Aaron Smith , Enrico Garaldi , Rahul Kannan , Tracy R. Slatyer , Mark Vogelsberger

We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-28 The HERA Collaboration , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Rennan Barkana , Adam P. Beardsley , Gianni Bernardi , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Daniela Breitman , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steve Carey , Chris L. Carilli , Carina Cheng , Samir Choudhuri , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Joshua S. Dillon , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Anastasia Fialkov , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Hugh Garsden , Brian Glendenning , Adélie Gorce , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Bryna J. Hazelton , Stefan Heimersheim , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Daniel C. Jacobs , Austin Julius , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , David Lewis , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-Zhe Ma , David H. E. MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Keith Malgas , Cresshim Malgas , Matthys Maree , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Lisa McBride , Andrei Mesinger , Jordan Mirocha , Mathakane Molewa , Miguel F. Morales , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Julian B. Muñoz , Steven G. Murray , Vighnesh Nagpal , Abraham R. Neben , Bojan Nikolic , Chuneeta D. Nunhokee , Hans Nuwegeld , Aaron R. Parsons , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Yuxiang Qin , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Peter Sims , Saurabh Singh , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Jianrong Tan , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Michael J. Wilensky , Peter K. G. Williams , Pieter van Wyngaarden , Haoxuan Zheng

21 cm intensity mapping (IM) has the potential to be a strong and unique probe of cosmology from redshift of order unity to redshift potentially as high as 30. For post-reionization 21 cm observations, the signal is modulated by the thermal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-03 Heyang Long , Catalina Morales-Gutiérrez , Paulo Montero-Camacho , Christopher M. Hirata

Redshifted 21cm measurements of the structure of ionised regions that grow during reionization promise to provide a new probe of early galaxy and structure formation. One of the challenges of modelling reionization is to account both for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-12-16 Han-Seek Kim , J. Stuart B. Wyithe , Jaehong Park , Gregory B. Poole , C. G. Lacey , C. M. Baugh

The measurement of the $21$ cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn is a major goal for several existing and upcoming radio interferometers such as NenuFAR and the SKA. During this era before the beginning of the Epoch of Reionization, the signal is…

Radio interferometers aiming to measure the power spectrum of the redshifted 21 cm line during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) need to achieve an unprecedented dynamic range to separate the weak signal from overwhelming foreground…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Pascal M. Keller , Bojan Nikolic , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , Chris L. Carilli , Gianni Bernardi , Ntsikelelo Charles , Landman Bester , Oleg M. Smirnov , Nicholas S. Kern , Joshua S. Dillon , Bryna J. Hazelton , Miguel F. Morales , Daniel C. Jacobs , Aaron R. Parsons , Zara Abdurashidova , Tyrone Adams , James E. Aguirre , Paul Alexander , Zaki S. Ali , Rushelle Baartman , Yanga Balfour , Adam P. Beardsley , Tashalee S. Billings , Judd D. Bowman , Richard F. Bradley , Philip Bull , Jacob Burba , Steven Carey , Carina Cheng , David R. DeBoer , Eloy de Lera Acedo , Matt Dexter , Nico Eksteen , John Ely , Aaron Ewall-Wice , Nicolas Fagnoni , Randall Fritz , Steven R. Furlanetto , Kingsley Gale-Sides , Brian Glendenning , Deepthi Gorthi , Bradley Greig , Jasper Grobbelaar , Ziyaad Halday , Jacqueline N. Hewitt , Jack Hickish , Austin Julius , MacCalvin Kariseb , Joshua Kerrigan , Piyanat Kittiwisit , Saul A. Kohn , Matthew Kolopanis , Adam Lanman , Paul La Plante , Adrian Liu , Anita Loots , Yin-Zhe Ma , David Harold Edward MacMahon , Lourence Malan , Cresshim Malgas , Keith Malgas , Bradley Marero , Zachary E. Martinot , Andrei Mesinger , Mathakane Molewa , Tshegofalang Mosiane , Steven G. Murray , Abraham R. Neben , Hans Nuwegeld , Robert Pascua , Nipanjana Patra , Samantha Pieterse , Jonathan C. Pober , Nima Razavi-Ghods , James Robnett , Kathryn Rosie , Mario G. Santos , Peter Sims , Craig Smith , Hilton Swarts , Pieter Van Wyngaarden , Peter K. G. Williams , Haoxuan Zheng

We present the first of two papers dedicated to verifying the Australian Epoch of Reionisation pipeline (AusEoRPipe) through simulation. The AusEoRPipe aims to disentangle 21-cm radiation emitted by gas surrounding the very first stars from…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-09 J. L. B. Line , C. M. Trott , J. H. Cook , B. Greig , N. Barry , C. H. Jordan

SARAS is an ongoing experiment aiming to detect the redshifted global 21-cm signal expected from Cosmic Dawn (CD) and the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Standard cosmological models predict the signal to be present in the redshift range $z…

We study the behavior of internal signal chain reflections and antenna cross coupling as systematics for 21 cm cosmological surveys. We outline the mathematics for how these systematics appear in interferometric visibilities and describe…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-28 Nicholas S. Kern , Aaron R. Parsons , Joshua S. Dillon , Adam E. Lanman , Nicolas Fagnoni , Eloy de Lera Acedo

A detection of the 21-cm signal power spectrum from the Epoch of Reionization is imminent, thanks to consistent advancements from telescopes such as LOFAR, MWA, and HERA, along with the development of SKA. In light of this progress, it is…

There are several planned and ongoing experiments designed to explore the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), the pivotal period during which the gas in the intergalactic medium went from being entirely neutral to almost entirely ionized. These…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-08-27 Vibor Jelic

Preliminary results are presented from a simple, single-antenna experiment designed to measure the all-sky radio spectrum between 100 and 200 MHz. The system used an internal comparison-switching scheme to reduce non-smooth instrumental…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Judd D. Bowman , Alan E. E. Rogers , Jacqueline N. Hewitt