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This article provides recommendations for implementing quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development…

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is a new phase-based technique for quantifying magnetic susceptibility. The existing QSM reconstruction methods generally require complicated pre-processing on high-quality phase data. In this work,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-13 Zhiyang Lu , Jun Li , Zheng Li , Hongjian He , Jun Shi

The starting point in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a theoretical model that is used to map susceptibility distributions from magnetic field measurements. It requires regularisation techniques to avoid artefacts in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Rob F. Remis , Peter M. van den Berg

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique for deriving tissue magnetic susceptibility distribution from MRI phase measurements. Deep learning (DL) algorithms hold great potential for solving the ill-posed QSM…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-27 Yang Gao , Zhuang Xiong , Shanshan Shan , Yin Liu , Pengfei Rong , Min Li , Alan H Wilman , G. Bruce Pike , Feng Liu , Hongfu Sun

Purpose: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) reconstruction is a challenging inverse problem driven by poor conditioning of the field to susceptibility transformation. State-of-art QSM reconstruction methods either suffer from image…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 Juan Liu , Andrew S. Nencka , L. Tugan Muftuler , Brad Swearingen , Robin Karr , Kevin M. Koch

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides a valuable tool for quantifying susceptibility distributions in human brains; however, two types of opposing susceptibility sources (i.e., paramagnetic and diamagnetic), may coexist in a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Min Li , Chen Chen , Zhenghao Li , Yin Liu , Shanshan Shan , Peng Wu , Pengfei Rong , Feng Liu , G. Bruce Pike , Alan H. Wilman , Hongfu Sun , Yang Gao

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) reconstruction is a challenging inverse problem driven by ill conditioning of its field-to -susceptibility transformation. State-of-art QSM reconstruction methods either suffer from image artifacts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Juan Liu , Kevin M. Koch

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been increasingly applied in longitudinal studies of neurodegenerative diseases and aging to assess temporal alterations in brain iron and myelin. The accuracy of such investigations depends on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-05 Jiye Kim , Hwihun Jeong , Taechang Kim , Eunseon Jeong , Jinhee Jang , Yangsean Choi , Jongho Lee

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) aims to visualize the three dimensional susceptibility distribution by solving the field-to-source inverse problem using the phase data in magnetic resonance signal. However, the inverse problem is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Chenglong Bao , Jae Kyu Choi , Bin Dong

A learning-based posterior distribution estimation method, Probabilistic Dipole Inversion (PDI), is proposed to solve the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inverse problem in MRI with uncertainty estimation. In PDI, a deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-16 Jinwei Zhang , Hang Zhang , Mert Sabuncu , Pascal Spincemaille , Thanh Nguyen , Yi Wang

Recently, deep neural network-powered quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), QSMnet, successfully performed ill conditioned dipole inversion in QSM and generated high-quality susceptibility maps. In this paper, the network, which was…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Woojin Jung , Jaeyeon Yoon , Joon Yul Choi , Jae Myung Kim , Yoonho Nam , Eung Yeop Kim , Jongho Lee

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) quantifies tissue magnetic susceptibility from magnetic-resonance phase data and plays a crucial role in brain microstructure imaging, iron-deposition assessment, and neurological-disease research.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Xuan Cai , Ruo-Mi Guo , Xiao-Wen Luo , Jing Zhao , Silun Wang , Tao Tan , Yue Liu , Hongbin Han , Mengting Liu

This paper explores uncertainty quantification (UQ) as an indicator of the trustworthiness of automated deep-learning (DL) tools in the context of white matter lesion (WML) segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of…

Deep learning based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has shown great potential in recent years, obtaining similar results to established non-learning approaches. Many current deep learning approaches are not data consistent,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-31 Francesco Cognolato , Kieran O'Brien , Jin Jin , Simon Robinson , Frederik B. Laun , Markus Barth , Steffen Bollmann

Motivation - The test-retest reliability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is affected by parameters of the acquisition protocol such as the angulation of acquisition plane with respect to the B0 field direction and spatial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Shuai Huang , Thomas Denney , Deqiang Qiu

A learning-based posterior distribution estimation method, Probabilistic Dipole Inversion (PDI), is proposed to solve quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inverse problem in MRI with uncertainty estimation. A deep convolutional neural…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-28 Jinwei Zhang , Hang Zhang , Mert Sabuncu , Pascal Spincemaille , Thanh Nguyen , Yi Wang

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an established technique for studying tissue metabolism, particularly in central nervous system disorders. While powerful and versatile, MRS is often limited by challenges associated with data…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-29 Christopher J. Wu , Lawrence S. Kegeles , Jia Guo

In the human brain, essential iron molecules for proper neurological functioning exist in transferrin (tf) and ferritin (Fe3) forms. However, its unusual increment manifests iron overload, which reacts with hydrogen peroxide. This reaction…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-10 Shradha Verma , Tripti Goel , M Tanveer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast and is widely used in biomedicine. However, conventional MRI is not quantitative, which presents a bottleneck in image analysis and digital healthcare. Typically,…

Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) data processing: background field removal, field-to-source inversion, and single-step QSM reconstruction. However, the conventional padding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Juan Liu