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Sentence embedding is an important research topic in natural language processing (NLP) since it can transfer knowledge to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, a contextualized word representation, called BERT, achieves the state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Word meaning, representation, and interpretation play fundamental roles in natural language understanding (NLU), natural language processing (NLP), and natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Many of the inherent difficulties in these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lifeng Han , Gareth J. F. Jones , Alan F. Smeaton

In recent years, neural networks have proven to be effective in Chinese word segmentation. However, this promising performance relies on large-scale training data. Neural networks with conventional architectures cannot achieve the desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Jingjing Xu , Xu Sun , Sujian Li , Xiaoyan Cai , Bingzhen Wei

The goal of this work is to detect new spoken terms defined by users. While most previous works address Keyword Spotting (KWS) as a closed-set classification problem, this limits their transferability to unseen terms. The ability to define…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Jaemin Jung , Youkyum Kim , Jihwan Park , Youshin Lim , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Youngjoon Jang , Joon Son Chung

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to various NLP tasks, their inherent biases are gradually disclosed. Therefore, measuring biases in LLMs is crucial to mitigate its ethical risks. However, most existing bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Tian Lan , Xiangdong Su , Xu Liu , Ruirui Wang , Ke Chang , Jiang Li , Guanglai Gao

In this work, we represent Lex-BERT, which incorporates the lexicon information into Chinese BERT for named entity recognition (NER) tasks in a natural manner. Instead of using word embeddings and a newly designed transformer layer as in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Wei Zhu , Daniel Cheung

One of the basic tasks of computational language documentation (CLD) is to identify word boundaries in an unsegmented phonemic stream. While several unsupervised monolingual word segmentation algorithms exist in the literature, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Pierre Godard , Laurent Besacier , Francois Yvon

Identifying the different varieties of the same language is more challenging than unrelated languages identification. In this paper, we propose an approach to discriminate language varieties or dialects of Mandarin Chinese for the Mainland…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Fan Xu , Mingwen Wang , Maoxi Li

The principle that governs unsupervised multilingual learning (UCL) in jointly trained language models (mBERT as a popular example) is still being debated. Many find it surprising that one can achieve UCL with multiple monolingual corpora.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Grandee Lee

In the era of large language models (LLMs), the Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) task has seen various LLM methods developed, yet their performance remains unsatisfactory. In contrast, fine-tuned BERT-based models, relying on high-quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ziheng Qiao , Houquan Zhou , Zhenghua Li

Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) is a widely used technology, which plays a vital role in speech to text (STT) and optical character recognition (OCR). Most of the existing CSC approaches relying on BERT architecture achieve excellent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Ming Dong , Yujing Chen , Miao Zhang , Hao Sun , Tingting He

While BERT is an effective method for learning monolingual sentence embeddings for semantic similarity and embedding based transfer learning (Reimers and Gurevych, 2019), BERT based cross-lingual sentence embeddings have yet to be explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Fangxiaoyu Feng , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer , Naveen Arivazhagan , Wei Wang

Continuous word representations learned separately on distinct languages can be aligned so that their words become comparable in a common space. Existing works typically solve a least-square regression problem to learn a rotation aligning a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Armand Joulin , Piotr Bojanowski , Tomas Mikolov , Herve Jegou , Edouard Grave

Due to the ambiguity of homophones, Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) has widespread applications. Existing systems typically utilize BERT for text encoding. However, CSC requires the model to account for both phonetic and graphemic information.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Xiaotian Zhang , Hang Yan , Yu Sun , Xipeng Qiu

We present a system for bottom-up cumulative learning of myriad concepts corresponding to meaningful character strings, and their part-related and prediction edges. The learning is self-supervised in that the concepts discovered are used as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Omid Madani

A sequence-to-sequence learning with neural networks has empirically proven to be an effective framework for Chinese Spelling Correction (CSC), which takes a sentence with some spelling errors as input and outputs the corrected one.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Chong Li , Cenyuan Zhang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Existing propositions often rely on logical constants for classification. Compared with Western languages that lean towards hypotaxis such as English, Chinese often relies on semantic or logical understanding rather than logical connectives…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Conghui Niu , Mengyang Hu , Lin Bo , Xiaoli He , Dong Yu , Pengyuan Liu

Complex Word Identification (CWI) is the task of identifying which words or phrases in a sentence are difficult to understand by a target audience. The latest CWI Shared Task released data for two settings: monolingual (i.e. train and test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Pierre Finnimore , Elisabeth Fritzsch , Daniel King , Alison Sneyd , Aneeq Ur Rehman , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Andreas Vlachos

This paper presents a novel method that allows a machine learning algorithm following the transformation-based learning paradigm \cite{brill95:tagging} to be applied to multiple classification tasks by training jointly and simultaneously on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Radu Florian , Grace Ngai

In this work, we represent CMV-BERT, which improves the pretraining of a language model via two ingredients: (a) contrastive learning, which is well studied in the area of computer vision; (b) multiple vocabularies, one of which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Wei Zhu , Daniel Cheung