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The formation of shocks within the solar atmosphere remains one of the few observable signatures of energy dissipation arising from the plethora of magnetohydrodynamic waves generated close to the solar surface. Active region observations…

The twisted local magnetic field at the front or rear regions of the magnetic clouds (MCs) associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is often nearly opposite to the direction of the ambient interplanetary magnetic field…

The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) has just started producing data that will help determine what the sources and mechanisms of variability in the Sun's interior are. The instrument measures the Doppler shift and the polarization of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-20 Rebecca Centeno , Steve Tomczyk , Juan Manuel Borrero , Sebastien Couvidat , Keiji Hayashi , Todd Hoeksema , Yang Liu , Jesper Schou

A crucial feature not widely accounted for in local helioseismology is that surface magnetic regions actually open a window from the interior into the solar atmosphere, and that the seismic waves leak through this window, reflect high in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 H. Moradi , P. S. Cally , D. Przybylski , S. Shelyag

The magnetic disturbances are associated with electric currents as it is well checked at laboratory room scales and described by the Maxwell's equations of electromagnetic field. The analysis of spacecraft observations for more than a…

Space Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eugene Savov

The mixture/interaction of anti-sunward-propagating Alfv\'enic fluctuations (AFs) and sunward-propagating Alfv\'enic fluctuations (SAFs) is believed to result in the decrease of the Alfv\'enicity of solar wind fluctuations with increasing…

Space Physics · Physics 2016-06-13 H. Li , C. Wang , J. W. Belcher , J. S. He , J. D. Richardson

Solar wind backmapping is a critical technique for analyzing the origin of the solar wind and space weather events by correlating in situ measurements with solar remote-sensing observations. This technique typically traces magnetic field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-27 Xinyi Ma , Liping Yang , Xueshang Feng , Hui Tian , Honghong Wu , Fang Shen , Wangning Zhang , Mengxuan Ma , Xiao Zhang , Ziwei Wang

Parker spiral theory predicts the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) will have components of opposite polarity radially toward the Sun and tangentially antiparallel to the solar rotation (i.e. in GSE coordinates, with Bx/By<0). This theory…

Space Physics · Physics 2019-07-10 Mike Lockwood , Mat Owens , Allan Macneil

The solar wind is found by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) to be abundant with Alfv\'enic velocity spikes and magnetic field kinks. Temperature enhancement is another remarkable feature associated with the Alfv\'enic spikes. How the prototype of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-11 Jiansen He , Xingyu Zhu , Liping Yang , Chuanpeng Hou , Die Duan , Lei Zhang , Ying Wang

Context. Large-amplitude inversions of the solar wind's interplanetary magnetic field have long been documented; however, observations from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission have renewed interest in this phenomenon as such features,…

Coronal holes are recognized as the primary sources of heliospheric open magnetic flux (OMF). However, a noticeable gap exists between in-situ measured OMF and that derived from remote sensing observations of the Sun. In this study, we…

Among many other measurable quantities the summer of 2009 saw a considerable low in the radiative output of the Sun that was temporally coincident with the largest cosmic ray flux ever measured at 1AU. A hemispheric asymmetry in magnetic…

We have examined the spatial and polarimetric properties of these events using a variety of data from the Hinode spacecraft. We have also inferred the atmospheric stratification of the physical parameters by means of the inversion of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-01 C. Quintero Noda , J. M. Borrero , D. Orozco Suárez , B. Ruiz Cobo

The origin of the heliospheric magnetic flux on the Sun, and hence the origin of the solar wind, is a topic of hot debate.While the prevailing view is that the solar wind originates from outside coronal streamer helmets, there also exists…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Bo Li , Xing Li , Hui Yu

Current models of the solar wind must approximate (or ignore) the small-scale dynamics within the solar atmosphere, however these are likely important in shaping the emerging wave-turbulence spectrum and ultimately heating/accelerating the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-28 Adam J. Finley , Sacha A. Brun , Mats Carlsson , Mikolaj Szydlarski , Viggo Hansteen , Munehito Shoda

(abridged) We investigate how the properties of the corona and solar wind in the open coronal holes depend on the properties of the magnetic fields and their footpoint motions at the surface, by perfoming 1D MHD simulations from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Takeru K. Suzuki , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

We investigate the generation and evolution of switchbacks (SBs), the nature of the sub-Alfv\'enic wind observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP), and the morphology of the Alfv\'enic transition, all of which are key issues in solar wind…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-22 Ying D. Liu , Hao Ran , Huidong Hu , Stuart D. Bale

Magnetic reconnection at the interface between coronal holes and loops, so-called interchange reconnection, can release the hotter, denser plasma from magnetically confined regions into the heliosphere, contributing to the formation of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 A. F. Rappazzo , W. H. Matthaeus , D. Ruffolo , S. Servidio , M. Velli

Flux ropes (FRs) ejected from the Sun may change their geometrical orientation during their evolution which directly affects their geoeffectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how solar FRs evolve in the heliosphere to improve…

Space Physics · Physics 2014-01-27 Alexey Isavnin , Angelos Vourlidas , Emilia K. J. Kilpua

Magnetic fields emerging from the Sun's interior carry information about physical processes of magnetic field generation and transport in the convection zone. Soon after appearance on the solar surface the magnetic flux gets concentrated in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. G. Kosovichev