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The scaling of high density NOR Flash memory devices with multi level cell (MLC) hits the reliability break wall because of relatively high intrinsic bit error rate (IBER). The chip maker companies offer two solutions to meet the output bit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-25 Daniel L. Miller

The emerging Learned Compression (LC) replaces the traditional codec modules with Deep Neural Networks (DNN), which are trained end-to-end for rate-distortion performance. This approach is considered as the future of image/video…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Farhad Pakdaman , Moncef Gabbouj

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become ubiquitous in machine learning, but their energy consumption remains problematically high. An effective strategy for reducing such consumption is supply-voltage reduction, but if done too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Hao-Lun Sun , Lei Hsiung , Nandhini Chandramoorthy , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

3D NAND flash memory with advanced multi-level cell techniques provides high storage density, but suffers from significant performance degradation due to a large number of read-retry operations. Although the read-retry mechanism is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Myoungjun Chun , Lois Orosa , Jihong Kim , Onur Mutlu

In this work, we study a recently proposed direct shaping code for flash memory. This rate-1 code is designed to reduce the wear for SLC (one bit per cell) flash by minimizing the average fraction of programmed cells when storing structured…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Yi Liu , Paul H. Siegel

The NAND flash memory channel is corrupted by different types of noises, such as the data retention noise and the wear-out noise, which lead to unknown channel offset and make the flash memory channel non-stationary. In the literature,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zhen Mei , Kui Cai , Long Shi , Jun Li , Li Chen , Kees A. Schouhamer Immink

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are inherently computation-intensive and also power-hungry. Hardware accelerators such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are a promising solution that can satisfy these requirements for both embedded and…

3D NAND flash memory with advanced multi-level cell techniques provides high storage density, but suffers from significant performance degradation due to a large number of read-retry operations. Although the read-retry mechanism is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Jisung Park , Myungsuk Kim , Myoungjun Chun , Lois Orosa , Jihong Kim , Onur Mutlu

In this work, we study the performance of different decoding schemes for multilevel flash memories where each page in every block is encoded independently. We focus on the multi-level cell (MLC) flash memory, which is modeled as a two-user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-04 Pengfei Huang , Paul H. Siegel , Eitan Yaakobi

NAND flash memory is ubiquitous in everyday life today because its capacity has continuously increased and cost has continuously decreased over decades. This positive growth is a result of two key trends: (1) effective process technology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Yu Cai , Saugata Ghose , Erich F. Haratsch , Yixin Luo , Onur Mutlu

This paper proposes a deep learning-based optimal battery management scheme for frequency regulation (FR) by integrating model predictive control (MPC), supervised learning (SL), reinforcement learning (RL), and high-fidelity battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-05 Yun Li , Yixiu Wang , Yifu Chen , Kaixun Hua , Jiayang Ren , Ghazaleh Mozafari , Qiugang Lu , Yankai Cao

Network switches and routers need to serve packet writes and reads at rates that challenge the most advanced memory technologies. As a result, scaling the switching rates is commonly done by parallelizing the packet I/Os using multiple…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Rami Cohen , Yuval Cassuto

Reduced voltage operation is an effective technique for substantial energy efficiency improvement in digital circuits. This brief introduces a simple approach for enabling reduced voltage operation of Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Mikael Rinkinen , Lauri Koskinen , Olli Silven , Mehdi Safarpour

Deep neural networks (DNNs) depend on the storage of a large number of parameters, which consumes an important portion of the energy used during inference. This paper considers the case where the energy usage of memory elements can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sébastien Henwood , François Leduc-Primeau , Yvon Savaria

In this paper, we exploit the aggressive supply voltage underscaling technique in Block RAMs (BRAMs) of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to improve the energy efficiency of Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs). Additionally, we evaluate and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Behzad Salami , Osman Unsal , Adrian Cristal

Spiking neural networks have made breakthroughs in computer vision by lending themselves to neuromorphic hardware. However, the neuromorphic hardware lacks parallelism and hence, limits the throughput and hardware acceleration of SNNs on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Ayesha Siddique , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

The size reduction of transistors in the latest flash memory generation has resulted in programming and data erasure issues within these designs. Consequently, ensuring reliable data storage has become a significant challenge for these…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Saeideh Nabipour , Javad Javidan

State-of-the-art DRAM read disturbance mitigations rely on the read disturbance threshold (RDT) (e.g., the number of aggressor row activations needed to induce the first read disturbance bitflip) to securely and performance- and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ataberk Olgun , F. Nisa Bostanci , Ismail Emir Yuksel , Haocong Luo , Minesh Patel , A. Giray Yaglikci , Onur Mutlu

As a result of the increasing demand for deep neural network (DNN)-based services, efforts to develop dedicated hardware accelerators for DNNs are growing rapidly. However,while accelerators with high performance and efficiency on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Sung Kim , Patrick Howe , Thierry Moreau , Armin Alaghi , Luis Ceze , Visvesh Sathe

The increasing use of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) in computer architecture has brought about new challenges, one of which is the write endurance problem. Frequent writes to a particular cache cell in NVM can lead to degradation of the memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keshav Krishna , Ayush Verma