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Pair instability (PI) and pulsational PI prevent the formation of black holes (BHs) with mass $\gtrsim{}60$ M$_\odot$ from single star evolution. Here, we investigate the possibility that BHs with mass in the PI gap form via stellar mergers…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Ugo N. Di Carlo , Michela Mapelli , Yann Bouffanais , Nicola Giacobbo , Filippo Santoliquido , Sandro Bressan , Mario Spera , Francesco Haardt

Gravitational waves from merging binary black holes can be used to shed light on poorly understood aspects of massive binary stellar evolution, such as the evolution of massive stars (including their mass-loss rates), the common envelope…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Simon Stevenson , Teagan Clarke

We perform a systematic study of merging black hole (BH) binaries with compact star (CS) companions, including black hole--white dwarf (BH--WD), black hole--neutron star (BH--NS) and black hole--black hole (BH--BH) systems. Previous studies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-27 Yong Shao , Xiang-Dong Li

Studying the formation and evolution of black hole binaries (BHBs) is essential for the interpretation of current and forthcoming gravitational wave (GW) detections. We investigate the statistics of BHBs that form from isolated binaries, by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-12 Mario Spera , Michela Mapelli , Nicola Giacobbo , Alessandro Alberto Trani , Alessandro Bressan , Guglielmo Costa

With the remarkable success of the LVK consortium in detecting binary black hole mergers, it has become possible to use the population properties to constrain our understanding of the progenitor stars' evolution. The most striking features…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-15 M. M. Briel , H. F. Stevance , J. J. Eldridge

Mergers of two stellar origin black holes are a prime source of gravitational waves and are under intensive investigations. One crucial ingredient in their modeling has so far been neglected. Pair-instability pulsation supernovae with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-19 K. Belczynski , A. Heger , W. Gladysz , A. J. Ruiter , S. Woosley , G. Wiktorowicz , H. -Y. Chen , T. Bulik , R. O'Shaughnesy , D. E. Holz , C. L. Fryer , E. Berti

We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-03 Ataru Tanikawa , Takashi Yoshida , Tomoya Kinugawa , Alessandro A. Trani , Takashi Hosokawa , Hajime Susa , Kazuyuki Omukai

Theoretical modeling of massive stars predicts a gap in the black hole (BH) mass function above $\sim 40-50\,M_{\odot}$ for BHs formed through single star evolution, arising from (pulsational) pair-instability supernovae. However, in dense…

As the number of observed merging binary black holes (BHs) grows, accurate models are required to disentangle multiple formation channels. In models with isolated binaries, important uncertainties remain regarding the stability of mass…

Binary black holes (BBHs) born from the evolution of Population III (Pop. III) stars are one of the main high-redshift targets for next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Their predicted initial mass function and…

In isolated binary evolution, binary black hole (BBH) mergers are generally formed through stable mass transfer (SMT) or common envelope evolution. In recent years, the SMT channel has received significant attention due to detailed binary…

We perform a binary population synthesis calculation incorporating very massive population (Pop.) III stars up to 1500 $M_\odot$, and investigate the nature of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. Above the pair-instability mass gap, we find…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 Kotaro Hijikawa , Ataru Tanikawa , Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Yoshida , Hideyuki Umeda

Population III stars, born from the primordial gas in the Universe, lose a negligible fraction of their mass via stellar winds and possibly follow a top-heavy mass function. Hence, they have often been regarded as the ideal progenitors of…

The vast majority of massive binary systems in the universe is evidently unsuited to produce merging binary black holes. However, several narrow evolutionary paths of isolated massive binaries towards this goal have recently been…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-24 Xiao-Tian Xu , Norbert Langer , Jakub Klencki , Chen Wang , Xiang-Dong Li

The recent O4a release from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration, which significantly increased the number of gravitational-wave (GW) detections, reveals features with potentially important astrophysical implications. One notable example is a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-22 Aleksandra Olejak

The first four gravitational wave events detected by LIGO were all interpreted as merging black hole binaries (BHBs), opening a new perspective on the study of such systems. Here we use our new population-synthesis code MOBSE, an upgraded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Nicola Giacobbo , Michela Mapelli , Mario Spera

The ground-based measurement of gravitational waves (GW) from merging binary black holes (BBH) uniquely allows determination of spins of stellar-remnant black holes (BH), thereby offering insights into their formation mechanisms. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-08 Sambaran Banerjee , Aleksandra Olejak

We perform a suite of high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to investigate the orbital decay and mass evolution of massive black hole (MBH) pairs down to scales of ~30 pc during minor mergers of disk galaxies. Our…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-11 S. Callegari , S. Kazantzidis , L. Mayer , M. Colpi , J. M. Bellovary , T. Quinn , J. Wadsley

We study the long-term evolution of two or more stellar black holes (BHs) on initially separated but unstable circular orbits around a supermassive BH (SMBH). Such a close-packed orbital configuration can naturally arise from BH migrations…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-17 Jiaru Li , Dong Lai , Laetitia Rodet

We investigate properties of black hole (BH) binaries formed in globular clusters via dynamical processes, using direct N-body simulations. We pay attention to effects of BH mass function on the total mass and mass ratio distributions of BH…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-12 Dawoo Park , Chunglee Kim , Hyung Mok Lee , Yeong-Bok Bae , Chris Belczynski
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