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Basic aspects of the background of gravitational waves and its mathematical characterization are reviewed. The spectral energy density parameter $\Omega(f)$, commonly used as a quantifier of the background, is derived for an ensemble of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-10-05 Pablo A. Rosado

Coalescences of binary neutron stars and/or black holes are amongst the most likely gravitational-wave signals to be observed in ground based interferometric detectors. Apart from the astrophysical importance of their detection, they will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-05-07 T. G. F. Li , W. Del Pozzo , S. Vitale , C. Van Den Broeck , M. Agathos , J. Veitch , K. Grover , T. Sidery , R. Sturani , A. Vecchio

The Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo gravitational wave (GW) detectors will begin operation in the coming years, with compact binary coalescence events a likely source for the first detections. The gravitational waveforms emitted directly…

Next-generation terrestrial gravitational-wave observatories will detect $\mathcal{O}(10^{5})$ signals from compact binary coalescences every year. These signals can last for several hours in the detectors' sensitivity band and they will be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-28 Luca Reali , Andrea Antonelli , Roberto Cotesta , Ssohrab Borhanian , Mesut Çalışkan , Emanuele Berti , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The number of astrophysical sources detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo is expected to increase as the detectors approach their design sensitivity. Gravitational wave detectors are also sensitive to transient noise sources created by the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-25 Jade Powell

Here I examine how to determine the sensitivity of the LIGO, VIRGO, and LAGOS gravitational wave detectors to sources of gravitational radiation by considering the process by which data are analyzed in a noisy detector. By constructing the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Lee Samuel Finn

We summarize the sensitivity achieved by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors for low-mass compact binary coalescence (CBC) searches during LIGO's sixth science run and Virgo's second and third science runs. We present strain…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-08-27 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , The Virgo Collaboration

Since the very first detection of gravitational waves from the coalescence of two black holes in 2015, Bayesian statistical methods have been routinely applied by LIGO and Virgo to extract the signal out of noisy interferometric…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-23 Renate Meyer , Matthew C. Edwards , Patricio Maturana-Russel , Nelson Christensen

We summarize the sensitivity achieved by the LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors for compact binary coalescence (CBC) searches during LIGO's fifth science run and Virgo's first science run. We present noise spectral density curves…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-13 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , J. Abadie , B. P. Abbott , R. Abbott , M Abernathy , T. Accadia , F. Acernese , C. Adams , R. Adhikari , P. Ajith , B. Allen , G. Allen , E. Amador Ceron , R. S. Amin , S. B. Anderson , W. G. Anderson , F. Antonucci , S. Aoudia , M. A. Arain , M. Araya , M. Aronsson , K. G. Arun , Y. Aso , S. Aston , P. Astone , D. E. Atkinson , P. Aufmuth , C. Aulbert , S. Babak , P. Baker , G. Ballardin , S. Ballmer , D. Barker , S. Barnum , F. Barone , B. Barr , P. Barriga , L. Barsotti , M. Barsuglia , M. A. Barton , I. Bartos , R. Bassiri , M. Bastarrika , J. Bauchrowitz , Th. S. Bauer , B. Behnke , M. G. Beker , M. Benacquista , A. Bertolini , J. Betzwieser , N. Beveridge , P. T. Beyersdorf , S. Bigotta , I. A. Bilenko , G. Billingsley , J. Birch , S. Birindelli , R. Biswas , M. Bitossi , M. A. Bizouard , E. Black , J. K. Blackburn , L. Blackburn , D. Blair , B. Bland , M. Blom , C. Boccara , O. Bock , T. P. Bodiya , R. Bondarescu , F. Bondu , L. Bonelli , R. Bork , M. Born , S. Bose , L. Bosi , M. Boyle , S. Braccini , C. Bradaschia , P. R. Brady , V. B. Braginsky , J. E. Brau , J. Breyer , D. O. Bridges , A. Brillet , M. Brinkmann , V. Brisson , M. Britzger , A. F. Brooks , D. A. Brown , R. Budzyński , T. Bulik , H. J. Bulten , A. Buonanno , J. Burguet--Castell , O. Burmeister , D. Buskulic , R. L. Byer , L. Cadonati , G. Cagnoli , E. Calloni , J. B. Camp , E. Campagna , P. Campsie , J. Cannizzo , K. C. Cannon , B. Canuel , J. Cao , C. Capano , F. Carbognani , S. Caride , S. Caudill , M. Cavaglià , F. Cavalier , R. Cavalieri , G. Cella , C. Cepeda , E. Cesarini , T. Chalermsongsak , E. Chalkley , P. Charlton , E. Chassande-Mottin , S. Chelkowski , Y. Chen , A. Chincarini , N. Christensen , S. S. Y. Chua , C. T. Y. Chung , D. Clark , J. Clark , J. H. Clayton , F. Cleva , E. Coccia , C. N. Colacino , J. Colas , A. Colla , M. Colombini , R. Conte , D. Cook , T. R. Corbitt , C. Corda , N. Cornish , A. Corsi , C. A. Costa , J. -P. Coulon , D. Coward , D. C. Coyne , J. D. E. Creighton , T. D. Creighton , A. M. Cruise , R. M. Culter , A. Cumming , L. Cunningham , E. Cuoco , K. Dahl , S. L. Danilishin , R. Dannenberg , S. D'Antonio , K. Danzmann , A. Dari , K. Das , V. Dattilo , B. Daudert , M. Davier , G. Davies , A. Davis , E. J. Daw , R. Day , T. Dayanga , R. De Rosa , D. DeBra , J. Degallaix , M. del Prete , V. Dergachev , R. DeRosa , R. DeSalvo , P. Devanka , S. Dhurandhar , L. Di Fiore , A. Di Lieto , I. Di Palma , M. Di Paolo Emilio , A. Di Virgilio , M. Díaz , A. Dietz , F. Donovan , K. L. Dooley , E. E. Doomes , S. Dorsher , E. S. D. Douglas , M. Drago , R. W. P. Drever , J. C. Driggers , J. Dueck , J. -C. Dumas , T. Eberle , M. Edgar , M. Edwards , A. Effler , P. Ehrens , R. Engel , T. Etzel , M. Evans , T. Evans , V. Fafone , S. Fairhurst , Y. Fan , B. F. Farr , D. Fazi , H. Fehrmann , D. Feldbaum , I. Ferrante , F. Fidecaro , L. S. Finn , I. Fiori , R. Flaminio , M. Flanigan , K. Flasch , S. Foley , C. Forrest , E. Forsi , N. Fotopoulos , J. -D. Fournier , J. Franc , S. Frasca , F. Frasconi , M. Frede , M. Frei , Z. Frei , A. Freise , R. Frey , T. T. Fricke , D. Friedrich , P. Fritschel , V. V. Frolov , P. Fulda , M. Fyffe , L. Gammaitoni , J. A. Garofoli , F. Garufi , G. Gemme , E. Genin , A. Gennai , I. Gholami , S. Ghosh , J. A. Giaime , S. Giampanis , K. D. Giardina , A. Giazotto , C. Gill , E. Goetz , L. M. Goggin , G. González , M. L. Gorodetsky , S. Goßler , R. Gouaty , C. Graef , M. Granata , A. Grant , S. Gras , C. Gray , R. J. S. Greenhalgh , A. M. Gretarsson , C. Greverie , R. Grosso , H. Grote , S. Grunewald , G. M. Guidi , E. K. Gustafson , R. Gustafson , B. Hage , P. Hall , J. M. Hallam , D. Hammer , G. Hammond , J. Hanks , C. Hanna , J. Hanson , J. Harms , G. M. Harry , I. W. Harry , E. D. Harstad , K. Haughian , K. Hayama , J. Heefner , H. Heitmann , P. Hello , I. S. Heng , A. Heptonstall , M. Hewitson , S. Hild , E. Hirose , D. Hoak , K. A. Hodge , K. Holt , D. J. Hosken , J. Hough , E. Howell , D. Hoyland , D. Huet , B. Hughey , S. Husa , S. H. Huttner , T. Huynh--Dinh , D. R. Ingram , R. Inta , T. Isogai , A. Ivanov , P. Jaranowski , W. W. Johnson , D. I. Jones , G. Jones , R. Jones , L. Ju , P. Kalmus , V. Kalogera , S. Kandhasamy , J. Kanner , E. Katsavounidis , K. Kawabe , S. Kawamura , F. Kawazoe , W. Kells , D. G. Keppel , A. Khalaidovski , F. Y. Khalili , E. A. Khazanov , C. Kim , H. Kim , P. J. King , D. L. Kinzel , J. S. Kissel , S. Klimenko , V. Kondrashov , R. Kopparapu , S. Koranda , I. Kowalska , D. Kozak , T. Krause , V. Kringel , S. Krishnamurthy , B. Krishnan , A. Królak , G. Kuehn , J. Kullman , R. Kumar , P. Kwee , M. Landry , M. Lang , B. Lantz , N. Lastzka , A. Lazzarini , P. Leaci , J. Leong , I. Leonor , N. Leroy , N. Letendre , J. Li , T. G. F. Li , H. Lin , P. E. Lindquist , N. A. Lockerbie , D. Lodhia , M. Lorenzini , V. Loriette , M. Lormand , G. Losurdo , P. Lu , J. Luan , M. Lubinski , A. Lucianetti , H. Lück , A. Lundgren , B. Machenschalk , M. MacInnis , J. M. Mackowski , M. Mageswaran , K. Mailand , E. Majorana , C. Mak , N. Man , I. Mandel , V. Mandic , M. Mantovani , F. Marchesoni , F. Marion , S. Márka , Z. Márka , E. Maros , J. Marque , F. Martelli , I. W. Martin , R. M. Martin , J. N. Marx , K. Mason , A. Masserot , F. Matichard , L. Matone , R. A. Matzner , N. Mavalvala , R. McCarthy , D. E. McClelland , S. C. McGuire , G. McIntyre , G. McIvor , D. J. A. McKechan , G. Meadors , M. Mehmet , T. Meier , A. Melatos , A. C. Melissinos , G. Mendell , D. F. Menéndez , R. A. Mercer , L. Merill , S. Meshkov , C. Messenger , M. S. Meyer , H. Miao , C. Michel , L. Milano , J. Miller , Y. Minenkov , Y. Mino , S. Mitra , V. P. Mitrofanov , G. Mitselmakher , R. Mittleman , B. Moe , M. Mohan , S. D. Mohanty , S. R. P. Mohapatra , D. Moraru , J. Moreau , G. Moreno , N. Morgado , A. Morgia , T. Morioka , K. Mors , S. Mosca , V. Moscatelli , K. Mossavi , B. Mours , C. MowLowry , G. Mueller , S. Mukherjee , A. Mullavey , H. Müller-Ebhardt , J. Munch , P. G. Murray , T. Nash , R. Nawrodt , J. Nelson , I. Neri , G. Newton , A. Nishizawa , F. Nocera , D. Nolting , E. Ochsner , J. O'Dell , G. H. Ogin , R. G. Oldenburg , B. O'Reilly , R. O'Shaughnessy , C. Osthelder , D. J. Ottaway , R. S. Ottens , H. Overmier , B. J. Owen , A. Page , G. Pagliaroli , L. Palladino , C. Palomba , Y. Pan , C. Pankow , F. Paoletti , M. A. Papa , S. Pardi , M. Pareja , M. Parisi , A. Pasqualetti , R. Passaquieti , D. Passuello , P. Patel , M. Pedraza , L. Pekowsky , S. Penn , C. Peralta , A. Perreca , G. Persichetti , M. Pichot , M. Pickenpack , F. Piergiovanni , M. Pietka , L. Pinard , I. M. Pinto , M. Pitkin , H. J. Pletsch , M. V. Plissi , R. Poggiani , F. Postiglione , M. Prato , V. Predoi , L. R. Price , M. Prijatelj , M. Principe , S. Privitera , R. Prix , G. A. Prodi , L. Prokhorov , O. Puncken , M. Punturo , P. Puppo , V. Quetschke , F. J. Raab , O. Rabaste , D. S. Rabeling , T. Radke , H. Radkins , P. Raffai , M. Rakhmanov , B. Rankins , P. Rapagnani , V. Raymond , V. Re , C. M. Reed , T. Reed , T. Regimbau , S. Reid , D. H. Reitze , F. Ricci , R. Riesen , K. Riles , P. Roberts , N. A. Robertson , F. Robinet , C. Robinson , E. L. Robinson , A. Rocchi , S. Roddy , C. Röver , L. Rolland , J. Rollins , J. D. Romano , R. Romano , J. H. Romie , D. Rosińska , S. Rowan , A. Rüdiger , P. Ruggi , K. Ryan , S. Sakata , M. Sakosky , F. Salemi , L. Sammut , L. Sancho de la Jordana , V. Sandberg , V. Sannibale , L. Santamaría , G. Santostasi , S. Saraf , B. Sassolas , B. S. Sathyaprakash , S. Sato , M. Satterthwaite , P. R. Saulson , R. Savage , R. Schilling , R. Schnabel , R. Schofield , B. Schulz , B. F. Schutz , P. Schwinberg , J. Scott , S. M. Scott , A. C. Searle , F. Seifert , D. Sellers , A. S. Sengupta , D. Sentenac , A. Sergeev , D. Shaddock , B. Shapiro , P. Shawhan , D. H. Shoemaker , A. Sibley , X. Siemens , D. Sigg , A. Singer , A. M. Sintes , G. Skelton , B. J. J. Slagmolen , J. Slutsky , J. R. Smith , M. R. Smith , N. D. Smith , K. Somiya , B. Sorazu , F. C. Speirits , A. J. Stein , L. C. Stein , S. Steinlechner , S. Steplewski , A. Stochino , R. Stone , K. A. Strain , S. Strigin , A. Stroeer , R. Sturani , A. L. Stuver , T. Z. Summerscales , M. Sung , S. Susmithan , P. J. Sutton , B. Swinkels , D. Talukder , D. B. Tanner , S. P. Tarabrin , J. R. Taylor , R. Taylor , P. Thomas , K. A. Thorne , K. S. Thorne , E. Thrane , A. Thüring , C. Titsler , K. V. Tokmakov , A. Toncelli , M. Tonelli , C. Torres , C. I. Torrie , E. Tournefier , F. Travasso , G. Traylor , M. Trias , J. Trummer , K. Tseng , D. Ugolini , K. Urbanek , H. Vahlbruch , B. Vaishnav , G. Vajente , M. Vallisneri , J. F. J. van den Brand , C. Van Den Broeck , S. van der Putten , M. V. van der Sluys , A. A. van Veggel , S. Vass , R. Vaulin , M. Vavoulidis , A. Vecchio , G. Vedovato , J. Veitch , P. J. Veitch , C. Veltkamp , D. Verkindt , F. Vetrano , A. Viceré , A. Villar , J. -Y. Vinet , H. Vocca , C. Vorvick , S. P. Vyachanin , S. J. Waldman , L. Wallace , A. Wanner , R. L. Ward , M. Was , P. Wei , M. Weinert , A. J. Weinstein , R. Weiss , L. Wen , S. Wen , P. Wessels , M. West , T. Westphal , K. Wette , J. T. Whelan , S. E. Whitcomb , D. J. White , B. F. Whiting , C. Wilkinson , P. A. Willems , L. Williams , B. Willke , L. Winkelmann , W. Winkler , C. C. Wipf , A. G. Wiseman , G. Woan , R. Wooley , J. Worden , I. Yakushin , H. Yamamoto , K. Yamamoto , D. Yeaton-Massey , S. Yoshida , P. P. Yu , M. Yvert , M. Zanolin , L. Zhang , Z. Zhang , C. Zhao , N. Zotov , M. E. Zucker , J. Zweizig , K. Belczynski

We show that gravitational-wave signals from compact binary mergers may be better distinguished from instrumental noise transients by using Bayesian models that look for signal coherence across a detector network. This can be achieved even…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-30 Maximiliano Isi , Rory Smith , Salvatore Vitale , T. J. Massinger , Jonah Kanner , Avi Vajpeyi

Gravitational waves (GWs) have enabled direct detections of compact binary coalescences (CBCs). However, their poor sky localisation and the typical lack of observable electromagnetic (EM) counterparts make it difficult to confidently…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-17 Avinash Tiwari , Aditya Vijaykumar , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Sourav Chatterjee , Giacomo Fragione

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration has announced the detection of almost 100 binary black holes so far, which have been used in several studies to infer the features of the underlying binary black hole population. From these, it is possible…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-20 Arianna I. Renzini , Jacob Golomb

Coalescing compact binaries have been pointed out as the most promising source of gravitational waves for kilometer-size interferometers such as LIGO. Gravitational wave signals are extracted from the noise in the detectors by matched…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Karl Martel

The LIGO gravitational wave (GW) detectors will begin collecting data in 2015, with Virgo following shortly after. The use of squeezing has been proposed as a way to reduce the quantum noise without increasing the laser power, and has been…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-24 Ryan Lynch , Salvatore Vitale , Lisa Barsotti , Matthew Evans , Sheila Dwyer

The analysis of gravitational wave interferometer data requires estimates for the noise covariance matrix. For stationary noise, this amounts to estimating the power spectrum. Classical methods such as Welch averaging are used in many…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Toral Gupta , Neil Cornish

In this paper we elaborate on earlier work by the same authors in which a novel Bayesian inference framework for testing the strong-field dynamics of General Relativity using coalescing compact binaries was proposed. Unlike methods that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-03 T. G. F. Li , W. Del Pozzo , S. Vitale , C. Van Den Broeck , M. Agathos , J. Veitch , K. Grover , T. Sidery , R. Sturani , A. Vecchio

We present a new method which accounts for changes in the properties of gravitational-wave detector noise over time in the PyCBC search for gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences. We use information from LIGO data quality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-07 Derek Davis , Max Trevor , Simone Mozzon , Laura K. Nuttall

A global network of laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors is projected to be in operation by around the turn of the century. Here, the noisy output of a single instrument is examined. A gravitational wave is assumed to have…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 David Nicholson , Alberto Vecchio

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors will open the millihertz band to survey ultra-compact binaries (UCBs). \textit{Verification binaries} (VBs) is a key to verifying the performance of space-based GW detectors because its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-03 Zi-Heng Yu , Sen Yang , Liangliang Ren , Shun-Jia Huang

Bayesian inference with stochastic sampling has been widely used to obtain the properties of gravitational wave (GW) sources. Although computationally intensive, its cost remains manageable for current second-generation GW detectors because…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-02 Qian Hu , John Veitch