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Linear layered probabilistic shaping (LLPS) is proposed, an architecture for linear codes to efficiently encode to shaped code words. In the previously proposed probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architecture, a distribution matcher (DM)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Georg Böcherer , Diego Lentner , Alessandro Cirino , Fabian Steiner

We present an autoregressive end-to-end learning approach for probabilistic shaping on nonlinear fiber channels. Our proposed scheme learns the joint symbol distribution and provides a 0.3-bits/2D achievable information rate gain over an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe , Amirhossein Ghazisaeidi

Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping (PAS) is a coded-modulation scheme in which the encoder is a concatenation of a distribution matcher with a systematic Forward Error Correction (FEC) code. For reduced computational complexity the decoder can…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Rana Ali Amjad

Probabilistic constellation shaping has been used in long-haul optically amplified coherent systems for its capability to approach the Shannon limit and realize fine rate granularity. The availability of high-bandwidth optical-electronic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-31 Md Sabbir-Bin Hossain , Georg Bocherer , Talha Rahman , Tom Wettlin , Nebojsa Stojanovic , Stefano Calabro , Stephan Pachnicke

Product distribution matching (PDM) is proposed to generate target distributions over large alphabets by combining the output of several parallel distribution matchers (DMs) with smaller output alphabets. The parallel architecture of PDM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Georg Böcherer , Patrick Schulte , Fabian Steiner

Probabilistic constellation shaping enables easy rate adaption and has been proven to reduce the gap to Shannon capacity. Constellation point probabilities are optimized to maximize either the mutual information or the bit-wise mutual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shrinivas Chimmalgi , Laurent Schmalen , Vahid Aref

A new approach for combining non-binary low-density parity-check (NB-LDPC) codes with higher-order modulation and probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) is presented. Instead of symbol-metric decoding (SMD), a bit-metric decoder (BMD) is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Fabian Steiner , Georg Böcherer , Gianluigi Liva

This letter generalizes noise modulation by introducing two voltage biases and employing non-Gaussian noise distributions, such as Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) and Laplacian, in addition to traditional Gaussian noise. The proposed framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Mohammad Salman , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

An optical gateway to convert four-level pulse amplitude modulation to quadrature phase shift keying modulation format having shaping gain was proposed for flexible intensity to phase mapping which exploits non-uniform phase noise. The…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-06 Takahiro Kodama , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , David S. Millar , Keisuke Kojima , Kieran Parsons

In this work, geometric shaping (GS) and probabilistic shaping (PS) for the AWGN channel is reviewed. Both approaches are investigated in terms of symbol-metric decoding (SMD) and bit-metric decoding (BMD). For GS, an optimization algorithm…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Fabian Steiner , Georg Böcherer

Optimal modulation (OM) schemes for Gaussian channels with peak and average power constraints are known to require nonuniform probability distributions over signal points, which presents practical challenges. An established way to map…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Basak Ozaydin , Muriel Médard , Ken Duffy

Constellation shaping is a well-established method to improve upon a regular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). It is known that the gain achieved by any shaping method for an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kirill Ivanov , Wei Yang , Jing Jiang

We consider probabilistic shaping to maximize the achievable information rate of coded modulation (CM) with hard decision decoding. The proposed scheme using binary staircase codes outperforms its uniform CM counterpart by more than 1.3 dB…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Alireza Sheikh , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Gianluigi Liva

Optimizing the input probability distribution of a discrete-time channel is a standard step in the information-theoretic analysis of digital communication systems. Nevertheless, many practical communication systems transmit uniformly and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-13 Mohammad Taha Askari , Lutz Lampe

This paper investigates generic signal shaping methods for multiple-data-stream generalized spatial modulation (GenSM) and generalized quadrature spatial modulation (GenQSM) based on the maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance (MMED)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-29 Shuaishuai Guo , Haixia Zhang , Peng Zhang , Shuping Dang , Liang Cong , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We numerically and experimentally investigate the laser phase noise tolerance of probabilistically shaped (PS) and uniformly shaped (US) quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. In the simulations, we compare PS-64QAM to US-16QAM,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-16 Takeo Sasai , Asuka Matsushita , Masanori Nakamura , Seiji Okamoto , Fukutaro Hamaoka , Yoshiaki Kisaka

A novel Gaussian mixture model (GMM) aided sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework is proposed for channel state information (CSI) estimation in orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulated systems. The key attribute of the proposed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Surbhi Gehlot , Suraj Srivastava , Sandeep Kumar Yadav , Lajos Hanzo

As the demand for higher data throughput in coherent optical communication systems increases, we need to find ways to increase capacity in existing and future optical communication links. To address the demand for higher spectral…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Andrej Rode , Benedikt Geiger , Shrinivas Chimmalgi , Laurent Schmalen

The dependency between the Gaussianity of the input distribution for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and the gap-to-capacity is discussed. We show that a set of particular approximations to the Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-02 Yunus Can Gültekin , W. J. van Houtum , Arie Koppelaar , Frans M. J. Willems

The mutual information of bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) systems, sometimes called the BICM capacity, is investigated at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), i.e., in the wideband regime. A new linear transform that depends on bits'…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-23 Erik Agrell , Alex Alvarado