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Related papers: An Empirical Study of Invariant Risk Minimization

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Machine learning algorithms with empirical risk minimization usually suffer from poor generalization performance due to the greedy exploitation of correlations among the training data, which are not stable under distributional shifts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyuan Hu , Peng Cui , Bo Li , Zheyan Shen

We study the problem of invariant learning when the environment labels are unknown. We focus on the invariant representation notion when the Bayes optimal conditional label distribution is the same across different environments. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Aayush Mishra , Anqi Liu

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) usually assumes the reward function model is pre-specified as a weighted sum of features and estimates the weighting parameters only. However, how to select features and determine a proper reward model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Chendi Qu , Jianping He , Xiaoming Duan , Jiming Chen

Many biochemical applications such as molecular property prediction require models to generalize beyond their training domains (environments). Moreover, natural environments in these tasks are structured, defined by complex descriptors such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Wengong Jin , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

Machine unlearning offers a promising solution to privacy and safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) by selectively removing targeted knowledge while preserving utility. However, current methods are highly sensitive to downstream…

Machine learning models have exhibited exceptional results in various domains. The most prevalent approach for learning is the empirical risk minimizer (ERM), which adapts the model's weights to reduce the loss on a training set and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Koby Bibas

Reward models are central to aligning language models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL). As RL is increasingly applied to settings such as verifiable rewards and multi-objective alignment, RMs are expected to encode…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jiwoo Hong , Shao Tang , Zhipeng Wang

The ability to generalize under distributional shifts is essential to reliable machine learning, while models optimized with empirical risk minimization usually fail on non-$i.i.d$ testing data. Recently, invariant learning methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyuan Hu , Peng Cui , Bo Li , Zheyan Shen

Currently, machine learning plays an important role in the lives and individual activities of numerous people. Accordingly, it has become necessary to design machine learning algorithms to ensure that discrimination, biased views, or unfair…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-11-09 Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

Developing simple, sample-efficient learning algorithms for robust classification is a pressing issue in today's tech-dominated world, and current theoretical techniques requiring exponential sample complexity and complicated improper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Robi Bhattacharjee , Max Hopkins , Akash Kumar , Hantao Yu , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) can be computationally expensive, with standard solvers scaling poorly even in the convex setting. We propose a novel lossless compression framework for convex ERM based on color refinement, extending prior…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Bryan Zhu , Ziang Chen

In order to circumvent statistical and computational hardness results in sequential decision-making, recent work has considered smoothed online learning, where the distribution of data at each time is assumed to have bounded likeliehood…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-26 Adam Block , Alexander Rakhlin , Abhishek Shetty

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) is ubiquitous in machine learning and underlies most supervised learning methods. While there has been a large body of work on algorithms for various ERM problems, the exact computational complexity of ERM…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Arturs Backurs , Piotr Indyk , Ludwig Schmidt

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) infers a reward function from demonstrations, allowing for policy improvement and generalization. However, despite much recent interest in IRL, little work has been done to understand the minimum set of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Daniel S. Brown , Scott Niekum

Invariant risk minimization (IRM) has recently emerged as a promising alternative for domain generalization. Nevertheless, the loss function is difficult to optimize for nonlinear classifiers and the original optimization objective could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Bo Li , Yifei Shen , Yezhen Wang , Wenzhen Zhu , Colorado J. Reed , Jun Zhang , Dongsheng Li , Kurt Keutzer , Han Zhao

Spatiotemporal prediction over graphs (STPG) is challenging, because real-world data suffers from the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization problem, where test data follow different distributions from training ones. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhaobin Mo , Haotian Xiang , Xuan Di

Inferring causal individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data is a challenging problem whose difficulty is exacerbated by the presence of treatment assignment bias. In this work, we propose a new way to estimate the ITE using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Abhin Shah , Kartik Ahuja , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Dennis Wei , Kush Varshney , Amit Dhurandhar

An interesting phenomenon arises: Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) sometimes outperforms methods specifically designed for out-of-distribution tasks. This motivates an investigation into the reasons behind such behavior beyond algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hong Zheng , Fei Teng

Fine-grained visual categorization (FGVC) is a challenging task due to similar visual appearances between various species. Previous studies always implicitly assume that the training and test data have the same underlying distributions, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuo Ye , Shujian Yu , Wenjin Hou , Yu Wang , Xinge You

We are interested in learning robust models from insufficient data, without the need for any externally pre-trained checkpoints. First, compared to sufficient data, we show why insufficient data renders the model more easily biased to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Tan Wang , Qianru Sun , Sugiri Pranata , Karlekar Jayashree , Hanwang Zhang