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High-level synthesis (HLS) is an automated design process that transforms high-level code into hardware designs, enabling the rapid development of hardware accelerators. HLS relies on pragmas, which are directives inserted into the source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zijian Ding , Rongjian Liang , Weikai Li , Ding Wang , Haoxing Ren , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

High Level Synthesis (HLS) tools, like the Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL, improve design productivity and enable efficient design space exploration guided by simple program directives (pragmas), but may sometimes miss important optimizations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Adel Ejjeh , Vikram Adve , Rob Rutenbar

FPGAs offer high performance, low latency, and energy efficiency for accelerated computing, yet adoption in scientific and edge settings is limited by the specialized hardware expertise required. High-level synthesis (HLS) boosts…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Maxim Moraru , Kamalavasan Kamalakkannan , Jered Dominguez-Trujillo , Patrick Diehl , Atanu Barai , Julien Loiseau , Zachary Kent Baker , Howard Pritchard , Galen M Shipman

Real time data acquisition systems in nuclear science often rely on high-speed logic designs to reach the fast data rate requirements. They are mostly coded in a hardware description language (HDL). However, in recent years, high level…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-29 Tétrault Marc-André

Optimizing data movements is becoming one of the biggest challenges in heterogeneous computing to cope with data deluge and, consequently, big data applications. When creating specialized accelerators, modern high-level synthesis (HLS)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Stephanie Soldavini , Donatella Sciuto , Christian Pilato

High-level synthesis, source-to-source compilers, and various Design Space Exploration techniques for pragma insertion have significantly improved the Quality of Results of generated designs. These tools offer benefits such as reduced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Stéphane Pouget , Louis-Noël Pouchet , Jason Cong

Specialized image processing accelerators are necessary to deliver the performance and energy efficiency required by important applications in computer vision, computational photography, and augmented reality. But creating,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Jing Pu , Steven Bell , Xuan Yang , Jeff Setter , Stephen Richardson , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Mark Horowitz

As the Moore's scaling era comes to an end, application specific hardware accelerators appear as an attractive way to improve the performance and power efficiency of our computing systems. A massively heterogeneous system with a large…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Kartik Hegde , Abhishek Srivastava , Rohit Agrawal

High-Level Synthesis (HLS) enables hardware design from C/C++ kernels but requires extensive transformations, such as restructuring code, inserting pragmas, adapting data types, and repairing non-synthesizable constructs, to achieve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Qingyun Zou , Nuo Chen , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , WengFei Wong

Recent advances in code generation have illuminated the potential of employing large language models (LLMs) for general-purpose programming languages such as Python and C++, opening new opportunities for automating software development and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jiahao Gai , Hao Mark Chen , Zhican Wang , Hongyu Zhou , Wanru Zhao , Nicholas Lane , Hongxiang Fan

High-level synthesis (HLS) allows hardware designers to create hardware designs with high-level programming languages like C/C++/OpenCL, which greatly improves hardware design productivity. However, existing HLS flows require programmers'…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Haocheng Xu , Haotian Hu , Sitao Huang

A deep-learning inference accelerator is synthesized from a C-language software program parallelized with Pthreads. The software implementation uses the well-known producer/consumer model with parallel threads interconnected by FIFO queues.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Jin Hee Kim , Brett Grady , Ruolong Lian , John Brothers , Jason H. Anderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in hardware front-end design using hardware description languages (HDLs). However, their inherent tendency toward hallucination often introduces functional errors into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Kangwei Xu , Grace Li Zhang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

The design of efficient hardware accelerators for high-throughput data-processing applications, e.g., deep neural networks, is a challenging task in computer architecture design. In this regard, High-Level Synthesis (HLS) emerges as a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Lorenzo Ferretti , Andrea Cini , Georgios Zacharopoulos , Cesare Alippi , Laura Pozzi

We present Calyx, a new intermediate language (IL) for compiling high-level programs into hardware designs. Calyx combines a hardware-like structural language with a software-like control flow representation with loops and conditionals.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Rachit Nigam , Samuel Thomas , Zhijing Li , Adrian Sampson

CPU-FPGA heterogeneous architectures are attracting ever-increasing attention in an attempt to advance computational capabilities and energy efficiency in today's datacenters. These architectures provide programmers with the ability to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Jason Cong , Peng Wei , Cody Hao Yu , Peng Zhang

Image processing and machine learning applications benefit tremendously from hardware acceleration, but existing compilers target either FPGAs, which sacrifice power and performance for flexible hardware, or ASICs, which rapidly become…

Deep learning (DL) is becoming the cornerstone of numerous applications both in datacenters and at the edge. Specialized hardware is often necessary to meet the performance requirements of state-of-the-art DL models, but the rapid pace of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Andrew Boutros , Aman Arora , Vaughn Betz

Dataflow architectures are growing in popularity due to their potential to mitigate the challenges posed by the memory wall inherent to the Von Neumann architecture. At the same time, high-level synthesis (HLS) has demonstrated its efficacy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hanchen Ye , Hyegang Jun , Deming Chen

Compiling high-level programs to target high-speed packet-processing pipelines is a challenging combinatorial optimization problem. The compiler must configure the pipeline's resources to match the high-level semantics of the program, while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Xiangyu Gao , Divya Raghunathan , Ruijie Fang , Tao Wang , Xiaotong Zhu , Anirudh Sivaraman , Srinivas Narayana , Aarti Gupta