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Binary decision diagram (BDD) and zero-suppressed binary decision diagram (ZDD) are data structures to represent a family of (sub)sets compactly, and it can be used as succinct indexes for a family of sets. To build BDD/ZDD representing a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kengo Nakamura , Masaaki Nishino , Shuhei Denzumi

Zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) are a data structure representing Boolean functions, and one of the most successful variants of binary decision diagrams (BDDs). On the other hand, BDDs are also called branching programs in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Hiroki Morizumi

Matroids are often represented as oracles since there are no unified and compact representations for general matroids. This paper initiates the study of binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-24 Hiromi Emoto , Yuni Iwamasa , Shin-ichi Minato

Chain reduction enables reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs) to each take advantage of the others' ability to symbolically represent Boolean functions in compact form. For any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-19 Randal E. Bryant

This paper studies a difference between Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and Zero-suppressed BDDs (ZDDs) from a conceptual point of view. It is commonly understood that a BDD is a representation of a Boolean function, whereas a ZDD is a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-28 Kensuke Kojima

This paper proposes an algorithmic framework for various reconfiguration problems using zero-suppressed binary decision diagrams (ZDDs), a data structure for families of sets. In general, a reconfiguration problem checks if there is a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Takehiro Ito , Jun Kawahara , Yu Nakahata , Takehide Soh , Akira Suzuki , Junichi Teruyama , Takahisa Toda

Partitioning a graph into balanced components is important for several applications. For multi-objective problems, it is useful not only to find one solution but also to enumerate all the solutions with good values of objectives. However,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-09 Yu Nakahata , Jun Kawahara , Shoji Kasahara

Any Boolean function corresponds with a complete full binary decision tree. This tree can in turn be represented in a maximally compact form as a direct acyclic graph where common subtrees are factored and shared, keeping only one copy of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Julien Clément , Antoine Genitrini

Tensor networks serve as a powerful tool for efficiently representing and manipulating high-dimensional data in applications such as quantum physics, machine learning, and data compression. Tensor Decision Diagrams (TDDs) offer an efficient…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xin Hong , Aochu Dai , Dingchao Gao , Sanjiang Li , Zhengfeng Ji , Mingsheng Ying

The advanced data structure of the zero-suppressed binary decision diagram (ZDD) enables us to efficiently enumerate nonequivalent substitutional structures. Not only can the ZDD store a vast number of structures in a compressed manner, but…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Kohei Shinohara , Atsuto Seko , Takashi Horiyama , Isao Tanaka

A derivative structure is a nonequivalent substitutional atomic configuration derived from a given primitive cell. The enumeration of derivative structures plays an essential role in searching for the ground states in multicomponent…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-25 Kohei Shinohara , Atsuto Seko , Takashi Horiyama , Masakazu Ishihata , Junya Honda , Isao Tanaka

The paper introduces a new technique for compressing Binary Decision Diagrams in those cases where random access is not required. Using this technique, compression and decompression can be done in linear time in the size of the BDD and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Esben Rune Hansen , S. Srinivasa Rao , Peter Tiedemann

A recently proposed canonical form of Boolean functions, namely tagged sentential decision diagrams (TSDDs), exploits both the standard and zero-suppressed trimming rules. The standard ones minimize the size of sentential decision diagrams…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Deyuan Zhong , Mingwei Zhang , Quanlong Guan , Liangda Fang , Zhaorong Lai , Yong Lai

Decision Diagrams (DDs) have emerged as a powerful tool for discrete optimization, with rapidly growing adoption. DDs are directed acyclic layered graphs; restricted DDs are a generalized greedy heuristic for finding feasible solutions, and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Isaac Rudich , Louis-Martin Rousseau

The Block Tree (BT) is a novel compact data structure designed to compress sequence collections. It obtains compression ratios close to Lempel-Ziv and supports efficient direct access to any substring. The BT divides the text recursively…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Travis Gagie , Adrián Gómez-Brandón , Gonzalo Navarro

Binary relations are commonly used in Computer Science for modeling data. In addition to classical representations using matrices or lists, some compressed data structures have recently been proposed to represent binary relations in compact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-24 Carlos Quijada-Fuentes , Miguel R. Penabad , Susana Ladra , Gilberto Gutiérrez

Safety-critical controllers of complex systems are hard to construct manually. Automated approaches such as controller synthesis or learning provide a tempting alternative but usually lack explainability. To this end, learning decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Debraj Chakraborty , Clemens Dubslaff , Sudeep Kanav , Jan Kretinsky , Christoph Weinhuber

This paper presents a new compressed representation of Boolean functions, called CFLOBDDs (for Context-Free-Language Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams). They are essentially a plug-compatible alternative to BDDs (Binary Decision Diagrams),…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Meghana Sistla , Swarat Chaudhuri , Thomas Reps

Linear diagrams are used to visualize set systems by depicting set memberships as horizontal line segments in a matrix, where each set is represented as a row and each element as a column. Each such line segment of a set is shown in a…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Markus Wallinger , Alexander Dobler , Martin Nöllenburg

Binary decision diagrams (BDDs) are widely used to mitigate the state-explosion problem in model checking. A variation of BDDs are Zero-suppressed Decision Diagrams (ZDDs) which omit variables that must be false, instead of omitting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Daniel Miedema , Malvin Gattinger
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