English
Related papers

Related papers: Injecting Numerical Reasoning Skills into Language…

200 papers

While large models pre-trained on high-quality data exhibit excellent performance on mathematical reasoning (e.g., GSM8k, MultiArith), it remains challenging to specialize smaller models for these tasks. Common approaches to address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Neeraj Gangwar , Suma P Bhat , Nickvash Kani

Compute scaling for language model (LM) pretraining has outpaced the growth of human-written texts, leading to concerns that data will become the bottleneck to LM scaling. To continue scaling pretraining in this data-constrained regime, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yangjun Ruan , Neil Band , Chris J. Maddison , Tatsunori Hashimoto

A better understanding of the emergent computation and problem-solving capabilities of recent large language models is of paramount importance to further improve them and broaden their applicability. This work investigates how a language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Davide Maltoni , Matteo Ferrara

Numerical reasoning based machine reading comprehension is a task that involves reading comprehension along with using arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, sorting, and counting. The DROP benchmark (Dua et al., 2019) is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Hadeel Al-Negheimish , Pranava Madhyastha , Alessandra Russo

Large-scale pre-trained models like BERT, have obtained a great success in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, while it is still a challenge to adapt them to the math-related tasks. Current pre-trained models neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shuai Peng , Ke Yuan , Liangcai Gao , Zhi Tang

NLP is currently dominated by general-purpose pretrained language models like RoBERTa, which achieve strong performance on NLU tasks through pretraining on billions of words. But what exact knowledge or skills do Transformer LMs learn from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Yian Zhang , Alex Warstadt , Haau-Sing Li , Samuel R. Bowman

Large pre-trained language models such as BERT have been the driving force behind recent improvements across many NLP tasks. However, BERT is only trained to predict missing words - either behind masks or in the next sentence - and has no…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Nicole Peinelt , Marek Rei , Maria Liakata

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant improvements in reasoning capabilities through supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning. However, when training reasoning models, these approaches are primarily applicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yoichi Ishibashi , Taro Yano , Masafumi Oyamada

Since the introduction of the original BERT (i.e., BASE BERT), researchers have developed various customized BERT models with improved performance for specific domains and tasks by exploiting the benefits of transfer learning. Due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Jia Tracy Shen , Michiharu Yamashita , Ethan Prihar , Neil Heffernan , Xintao Wu , Ben Graff , Dongwon Lee

While pre-trained language models (PLMs) are the go-to solution to tackle many natural language processing problems, they are still very limited in their ability to capture and to use common-sense knowledge. In fact, even if information is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Mohammed Saeed , Naser Ahmadi , Preslav Nakov , Paolo Papotti

Reasoning can significantly enhance the performance of Large Language Models. While recent studies have exploited behavior-related prompts adjustment to enhance reasoning, these designs remain largely intuitive and lack a systematic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiuping Wu , Zhao Yu , Yuxin Cheng , Ngai Wong , Liangjun Ke , Tapas Mishra , Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

Large pre-trained language models help to achieve state of the art on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, nevertheless, they still suffer from forgetting when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative tools in the healthcare sector, demonstrating remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, their proficiency in numerical reasoning,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Arjun R. Malghan

Recent language models achieve impressive results in tasks involving complex multistep reasoning, but scaling these capabilities further traditionally requires expensive collection of more annotated data. In this work, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Marek Kadlčík , Michal Štefánik

The development of large language models (LLM) has shown progress on reasoning, though studies have largely considered either English or simple reasoning tasks. To address this, we introduce a multilingual structured reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bryan Li , Tamer Alkhouli , Daniele Bonadiman , Nikolaos Pappas , Saab Mansour

Pretraining on large, semantically rich datasets is key for developing language models. Surprisingly, recent studies have shown that even synthetic data, generated procedurally through simple semantic-free algorithms, can yield some of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zachary Shinnick , Liangze Jiang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Anton van den Hengel , Damien Teney

Generative language models (LMs) are increasingly used for document class-prediction tasks and promise enormous improvements in cost and efficiency. Existing research often examines simple classification tasks, but the capability of LMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rosamond Thalken , Edward H. Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

Imagine you are in a supermarket. You have two bananas in your basket and want to buy four apples. How many fruits do you have in total? This seemingly straightforward question can be challenging for data-driven language models, even if…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Piotr Piękos , Henryk Michalewski , Mateusz Malinowski

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have recently shown promise in solving complex math problems when optimized with Reinforcement Learning (RL). But conventional approaches rely on outcome-only rewards that provide sparse feedback, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tao He , Rongchuan Mu , Lizi Liao , Yixin Cao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin