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We develop a representation theory of categories as a means to explore characteristic structures in algebra. Characteristic structures play a critical role in isomorphism testing of groups and algebras, and their construction and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Peter A. Brooksbank , Heiko Dietrich , Joshua Maglione , E. A. O'Brien , James B. Wilson

Theories of classification distinguish classes with some good structure theorem from those for which none is possible. Some classes (dense linear orders, for instance) are non-classifiable in general, but are classifiable when we consider…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wesley Calvert

Phylogenetic trees are binary nonplanar trees with labelled leaves, and plane oriented recursive trees are planar trees with an increasing labelling. Both families are enumerated by double factorials. A bijection is constructed, using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-19 Helmut Prodinger

In this brief note a straightforward combinatorial proof for an identity directly connecting rooted forests and unordered set partitions is provided. Furthermore, references that put this type of identity in the context of forest volumes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-11 Benjamin Hackl

We introduce the combinatorial notion of posetted trees and we use it in order to write an explicit expression of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-26 Donatella Iacono , Marco Manetti

We present a new definition of non-ambiguous trees (NATs) as labelled binary trees. We thus get a differential equation whose solution can be described combinatorially. This yield a new formula for the number of NATs. We also obtain…

Tree sets are abstract structures that can be used to model various tree-shaped objects in combinatorics. Finite tree sets can be represented by finite graph-theoretical trees. We extend this representation theory to infinite tree sets.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-16 J. Pascal Gollin , Jay Lilian Kneip

We present a new definition of non-ambiguous trees (NATs) as labelled binary trees. We thus get a differential equation whose solution can be described combinatorially. This yields a new formula for the number of NATs. We also obtain…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Bérénice Delcroix-Oger , Florent Hivert , Patxi Laborde-Zubieta , Jean-Christophe Aval , Adrien Boussicault

We describe a deterministic process to associate a practical, permanent label to isomorphism classes of abelian varieties defined over finite fields with commutative endomorphism algebra as long as they are ordinary or defined over a prime…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Edgar Costa , Taylor Dupuy , Stefano Marseglia , David Roe , Christelle Vincent

We show that the question whether a term is typable is decidable for type systems combining inclusion polymorphism with parametric polymorphism provided the type constructors are at most unary. To prove this result we first reduce the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sabine Glesner , Karl Stroetmann

In this paper we prove a combinatorial theorem for finite labellings of trees, and show that it is equivalent to a theorem for finite covers of metric trees and a fixed point theorem on metric trees. We trace how these connections mimic the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-10 Andrew Niedermaier , Douglas Rizzolo , Francis Edward Su

We regard explanations as a blending of the input sample and the model's output and offer a few definitions that capture various desired properties of the function that generates these explanations. We study the links between these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Lior Wolf , Tomer Galanti , Tamir Hazan

We provide a short combinatorial proof of Cayley's formula by means of a bijective map to an outcome space of an urn-drawing problem. Furthermore we introduce an algebraic structure on the set of labeled trees, which provides a more…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-02-01 Victor N. Ermolaev , Giulio Iacobelli

We investigate the interrelations between labeled trees and ultrametric spaces generated by these trees. The labeled trees, which generate complete ultrametrics, totally bounded ultrametrics, and discrete ones, are characterized up to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-27 Oleksiy Dovgoshey , Mehmet Küçükaslan

Labeled infinite trees provide combinatorial interpretations for many integer sequences generated by nested recurrence relations. Typically, such sequences are monotone increasing. Several of these sequences also have straightforward…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Nathan Fox

We construct a class of finitely presented groups where the isomorphism problem is solvable but the commensurability problem is unsolvable. Conversely, we construct a class of finitely presented groups within which the commensurability…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-24 Goulnara Arzhantseva , Jean-Francois Lafont , Ashot Minasyan

A probability method is provided to prove three classes of combinatorial identities. The method is extremely simple, only one step after the proper probability setup.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-02 Tong Zhu

We identify the complexity of the classification problem for automorphisms of a given countable regularly branching tree up to conjugacy. We consider both the rooted and unrooted cases. Additionally, we calculate the complexity of the…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Kyle Beserra , Samuel Coskey

Representing a proof tree by a combinator term that reduces to the tree lets subtle forms of duplication within the tree materialize as duplicated subterms of the combinator term. In a DAG representation of the combinator term these…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Christoph Wernhard

An isomorphism between two hermitian unitals is proved, and used to treat isomorphisms of classical groups that are related to the isomorphism between certain simple real Lie algebras of types A and D (and rank 3).

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-19 Markus Johannes Stroppel