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Current state-of-the-art quantum optimization algorithms require representing the original problem as a binary optimization problem, which is then converted into an equivalent cost Hamiltonian suitable for the quantum device. Implementing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Bence Bakó , Adam Glos , Özlem Salehi , Zoltán Zimborás

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous and computationally hard to solve in general. Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), one of the most representative quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, is designed to solve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-12 Lixue Cheng , Yu-Qin Chen , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shengyu Zhang

We explore strategies aimed at reducing the amount of computation, both quantum and classical, required to run the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). First, following Wurtz et al. [Phys.Rev A 104:052419], we consider the…

We present methods for constructing any target coupling graph using limited global controls in an Ising-like quantum spin system. Our approach is motivated by implementing the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) on trapped ion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-20 Joel Rajakumar , Jai Moondra , Bryan Gard , Swati Gupta , Creston D. Herold

The Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) represents a branch of quantum algorithms for solving combinatorial optimization problems. A specific variant, the Grover-Mixer Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (GM-QAOA), ensures uniform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Ningyi Xie , Jiahua Xu , Tiejin Chen , Xinwei Lee , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai , Dongsheng Cai

The Quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm aiming to produce approximate solutions for combinatorial optimization problems. In the QAOA, the quantum part prepares a quantum parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Ningyi Xie , Xinwei Lee , Dongsheng Cai , Yoshiyuki Saito , Nobuyoshi Asai

In this work we consider a routing problem and compare quadratic and higher-order representations using the Quantum Approximate Optimisation Algorithm (QAOA). The majority of works investigating QAOA use quadratic Hamiltonians to represent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Kristina Bell , Adam Lowe , Emily Coles , Nathanael Ridgway , Gillian Marshall

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm can be applied to search problems on graphs with a cost function that is a sum of terms corresponding to the edges. When conjugating an edge term, the QAOA unitary at depth p produces an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-19 Edward Farhi , David Gamarnik , Sam Gutmann

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems on quantum computers. However, in many cases QAOA requires computationally intensive parameter optimization.…

The present tutorial aims to provide a comprehensible and easily accessible introduction into the theory and implementation of the famous Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). We lay our focus on practical aspects and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Andreas Sturm

In order to qualify quantum algorithms for industrial NP-Hard problems, comparing them to available polynomial approximate classical algorithms and not only to exact ones -- exponential by nature -- , is necessary. This is a great challenge…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA) promise efficient solutions to classically intractable combinatorial optimization problems by harnessing shallow-depth quantum circuits. Yet, their performance and scalability often hinge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Kuan-Cheng Chen , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-Hao Huang

Despite much recent work, the true promise and limitations of the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz (QAOA) are unclear. A critical question regarding QAOA is to what extent its performance scales with the input size of the problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-07 John Golden , Andreas Bärtschi , Stephan Eidenbenz , Daniel O'Malley

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is one of the fundamental variational quantum algorithms, while a version of QAOA that includes counterdiabatic driving, termed Digitized Counterdiabatic QAOA (DC-QAOA), is generally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-02 Jie Liu , Xin Wang

Quantum computers have now surpassed classical simulation limits, yet noise continues to limit their practical utility. As the field shifts from proof-of-principle demonstrations to early deployments, there is no standard method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 J. A. Montanez-Barrera , Kristel Michielsen , David E. Bernal Neira

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA) have demonstrated a strong potential in addressing graph-based optimization problems. However, the execution of large-scale quantum circuits remains constrained by the limitations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Vicente P. Soloviev , Antonio Márquez Romero , Josh Kirsopp , Michal Krompiec

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a near-term hybrid algorithm intended to solve combinatorial optimization problems, such as MaxCut. QAOA can be made to mimic an adiabatic schedule, and in the $p\to\infty$ limit the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-02 Jonathan Wurtz , Peter J. Love

The design and performance of computer vision algorithms are greatly influenced by the hardware on which they are implemented. CPUs, multi-core CPUs, FPGAs and GPUs have inspired new algorithms and enabled existing ideas to be realized.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Lisa Tse , Peter Mountney , Paul Klein , Simone Severini

This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

The variational preparation of complex quantum states using the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is of fundamental interest, and becomes a promising application of quantum computers. Here, we systematically study the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Zheng-Hang Sun , Yong-Yi Wang , Jian Cui , Heng Fan