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In this paper, we present different types of integrators for electro-magnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) methods. While the integrator is an important tool of the PIC methods, it is necessary to characterize the different conservation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-05 Juergen Geiser , Frederik Riedel

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method is a well-established and widely used kinetic plasma modelling approach that provides a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian approach to solve the plasma kinetic equation. Despite its power in capturing details of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-11-11 Maryam Reza , Farbod Faraji , Aaron Knoll

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) methods have achieved widespread recognition as simple and flexible approaches to model collisionless plasma physics in fully kinetic simulations of astrophysical environments. However, in many situations the standard…

We propose a class of Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods for the Vlasov-Poisson system with a strong and inhomogeneous external magnetic field with fixed direction, where we focus on the motion of particles in the plane orthogonal to the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-01-25 Francis Filbet , Luis Rodrigues

Implicit particle-in-cell codes offer advantages over their explicit counterparts in that they suffer weaker stability constraints on the need to resolve the higher frequency modes of the system. This feature may prove particularly valuable…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Mathieu Drouin , Laurent Gremillet , Jean-Claude Adam , Anne Héron

Three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are used to investigate the interaction of ultrahigh intensity lasers ($> 10^{20}$ W/cm$^{-2}$) with matter at overcritical densities. Intense laser pulses are shown to penetrate up…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 F. Fiuza , R. A. Fonseca , L. O. Silva , J. Tonge , J. May , W. B. Mori

The particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been widely used for plasma simulation, because of its noise-reduction capability and moderate computational cost. The immersed finite element (IFE) method is efficient for solving interface problems on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Jinwei Bai , Yong Cao , Yuchuan Chu , Xu Zhang

An integrated simulation approach fully based upon particle-in-cell (PIC) model is proposed, which involves both fast particle generation via laser solid-density plasma interaction and transport and energy deposition of the particles in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-01-12 W. -M. Wang , P. Gibbon , Z. -M. Sheng , Y. -T. Li

Particle-in-cell codes are now standard tools for studying ultra-intense laser-plasma interactions. Motivated by direct laser acceleration of electrons in sub-critical plasmas, we examine temporal resolution requirements that must be…

Modeling multi-scale collisionless magnetized processes constitutes an important numerical challenge. By treating electrons as a fluid and ions kinetically, the so-called hybrid Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes represent a promising…

We propose a novel deterministic particle method to numerically approximate the Landau equation for plasmas. Based on a new variational formulation in terms of gradient flows of the Landau equation, we regularize the collision operator to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Jose A. Carrillo , Jingwei Hu , Li Wang , Jeremy Wu

Furthering our understanding of many of today's interesting problems in plasma physics---including plasma based acceleration and magnetic reconnection with pair production due to quantum electrodynamic effects---requires large-scale kinetic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Kyle G. Miller , Roman P. Lee , Adam Tableman , Anton Helm , Ricardo A. Fonseca , Viktor K. Decyk , Warren B. Mori

A Maxwell solver derived from finite element method with \mathcal{O}(N) computing cost is developed to improve the numerical dispersion properties in relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The correction of the dispersion relation…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2019-08-06 Yingchao Lu , Chengkun Huang , Patrick Kilian , Fan Guo , Hui Li , Edison Liang

High-intensity laser plasma interactions create complex computational problems because they involve both fluid and kinetic regimes, which need models that maintain physical precision while keeping computational speed. The research…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Sadra Saremi , Amirhossein Ahmadkhan Kordbacheh

We introduce a new electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithm capable of using large timesteps compared to particle gyro-period under a uniform external magnetic field. The algorithm extends earlier electrostatic fully implicit PIC…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón

Particle-mesh methods, such as the particle-in-cell (PIC) method, cannot retain exact pairwise interaction at sub-cell scales. For dense nonneutral relativistic electron bunches, this makes it difficult to accurately capture the…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Yinjian Zhao , Yibo Liang , Yanan Zhang , Xiaochun Ma , Hui Liu

The implicit 2D3V particle-in-cell (PIC) code developed to study the interaction of ultrashort pulse lasers with matter [G. M. Petrov and J. Davis, Computer Phys. Comm. 179, 868 (2008); Phys. Plasmas 18, 073102 (2011)] has been parallelized…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 George M. Petrov , Jack Davis

Particle in Cell (PIC) simulations are a widely used tool for the investigation of both laser- and beam-driven plasma acceleration. It is a known issue that the beam quality can be artificially degraded by numerical Cherenkov radiation…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-03-30 Sören Jalas , Irene Dornmair , Rémi Lehe , Henri Vincenti , Jean-Luc Vay , Manuel Kirchen , Andreas R. Maier

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation codes have wide applicability to first-principles modeling of multidimensional nonlinear plasma phenomena, including wake-field accelerators. This review addresses both finite difference and pseudo-spectral…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-08-07 Brendan B. Godfrey

Solving for charged particle motion in electromagnetic fields (i.e. the particle pushing problem) is a computationally intensive component of particle-in-cell (PIC) methods for plasma physics simulations. This task is especially challenging…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-01 Tri P. Nguyen , Ilon Joseph , Mayya Tokman