Related papers: Gauge-invariance in cellular automata
Reversible cellular automata are seen as microscopic physical models, and their states of macroscopic equilibrium are described using invariant probability measures. We establish a connection between the invariance of Gibbs measures and the…
Quantum field theory is assumed to be gauge invariant. It is shown that for a Dirac field the assumption of gauge invariance impacts on the way the vacuum state is defined. It is shown that the conventional definition of the vacuum state…
We motivate the concept of emergent gauge symmetry and discuss ways that this concept can be tested. The key idea is that if a symmetry is emergent, one should look for small violations of this symmetry because the underlying fundamental…
Gauge symmetry plays a key role in our description of subatomic matter. The vanishing photon mass, the long-ranged Coulomb law, and asymptotic freedom are all due to gauge invariance. Recent years have seen tantalizing progress in the…
We identify a recently proposed shifting operation on classical phase space as a gauge transformation for statistical mechanical microstates. The infinitesimal generators of the continuous gauge group form a non-commutative Lie algebra,…
The concept of gauge invariance can be considered one of the most subtle and useful concept in theoretical physics since it can permit the comprehension of difficult systems in physics with an arbitrary choice of a reference frame at every…
Physical systems may couple to other systems through variables that are not gauge invariant. When we split a gauge system into two subsystems, the gauge-invariant variables of the two subsystems have less information than the gauge…
The role of the gauge invariance in noncommutative field theory is discussed. A basic introduction to noncommutative geometry and noncommutative field theory is given. Background invariant formulation of Wilson lines is proposed. Duality…
We show how the widely used concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking can be explained in causal perturbation theory by introducing a perturbative version of quantum gauge invariance. Perturbative gauge invariance, formulated exclusively by…
Gauge symmetries play a central role, both in the mathematical foundations as well as the conceptual construction of modern (particle) physics theories. However, it is yet unclear whether they form a necessary component of theories, or…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
The notions of universality and completeness are central in the theories of computation and computational complexity. However, proving lower bounds and necessary conditions remains hard in most of the cases. In this article, we introduce…
We extend the theory of Cellular Automata to arbitrary, time-varying graphs. In other words we formalize, and prove theorems about, the intuitive idea of a labelled graph which evolves in time - but under the natural constraint that…
The Higgs mechanism gives mass to Yang-Mills gauge bosons. According to the conventional wisdom, this happens through the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Yet, gauge symmetries merely reflect a redundancy in the state description and…
The modern description of elementary particles, as formulated in the Standard Model of particle physics, is built on gauge theories. Gauge theories implement fundamental laws of physics by local symmetry constraints. For example, in quantum…
Cellular automata are a set of computational models in discrete space that have a discrete time evolution defined by neighbourhood rules. They are used to simulate many complex systems in physics and science in general. In this work,…
Nonequilibrium calculations in the presence of an electric field are usually performed in a gauge, and need to be transformed to reveal the gauge-invariant observables. In this work, we discuss the issue of gauge invariance in the context…
Reparametrization invariance being treated as a gauge symmetry shows some specific peculiarities. We study these peculiarities both from a general point of view and on concrete examples. We consider the canonical treatment of…
Gauge invariance is essential for making physically meaningful predictions. In superconductors, mean-field Hamiltonians that explicitly break $U(1)$ symmetry often yield gauge-dependent results. While this issue has been resolved for linear…
The gauge symmetry is one of the most important concepts in modern physics, but there are two conflicting views on its meaning or interpretation. The standard view is that local gauge symmetry is the basis of the pursue of fundamental…