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Continual learning (CL) is the sub-field of machine learning concerned with accumulating knowledge in dynamic environments. So far, CL research has mainly focused on incremental classification tasks, where models learn to classify new…

The high cost of real-world data for robotics Reinforcement Learning (RL) leads to the wide usage of simulators. Despite extensive work on building better dynamics models for simulators to match with the real world, there is another,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Linji Wang , Zifan Xu , Peter Stone , Xuesu Xiao

Training large language models (LLMs) to reason via reinforcement learning (RL) significantly improves their problem-solving capabilities. In agentic settings, existing methods like ReAct prompt LLMs to explicitly plan before every action;…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) aims to create intelligent agents that can learn to solve complex problems efficiently in a real-world environment. Typically, two learning goals: adaptation and generalization are used for baselining DRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Pamul Yadav , Ashutosh Mishra , Junyong Lee , Shiho Kim

Continual reinforcement learning (CRL) refers to a naturalistic setting where an agent needs to endlessly evolve, by trial and error, to solve multiple tasks that are presented sequentially. One of the largest obstacles to CRL is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zichen Liu , Guoji Fu , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

We introduce Prompt Curriculum Learning (PCL), a lightweight reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm that selects intermediate-difficulty prompts using a learned value model to post-train language models. Since post-training LLMs via RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhaolin Gao , Joongwon Kim , Wen Sun , Thorsten Joachims , Sid Wang , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Liang Tan

Curriculum learning (CL) aims to increase the performance of a learner on a given task by applying a specialized learning strategy. This strategy focuses on either the dataset, the task, or the model. There is little to no work analysing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Luca Scharr , Vanessa Toborek

Acquiring new knowledge without forgetting what has been learned in a sequence of tasks is the central focus of continual learning (CL). While tasks arrive sequentially, the training data are often prepared and annotated independently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Thuy-Trang Vu , Shahram Khadivi , Mahsa Ghorbanali , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

The remarkable ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to understand and follow instructions has sometimes been limited by their in-context learning (ICL) performance in low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Xiaoqian Li , Ercong Nie , Sheng Liang

Model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers an attractive approach to learn control policies for high-dimensional systems, but its relatively poor sample complexity often forces training in simulated environments. Even in simulation,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Boris Ivanovic , James Harrison , Apoorva Sharma , Mo Chen , Marco Pavone

We introduce CAMRL, the first curriculum-based asymmetric multi-task learning (AMTL) algorithm for dealing with multiple reinforcement learning (RL) tasks altogether. To mitigate the negative influence of customizing the one-off training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Hanchi Huang , Deheng Ye , Li Shen , Wei Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) often faces the challenges of uninformed search problems where the agent should explore without access to the domain knowledge such as characteristics of the environment or external rewards. To tackle these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Daesol Cho , Seungjae Lee , H. Jin Kim

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques have been successfully applied for solving complex decision-making and control tasks in multiple fields including robotics, autonomous driving, healthcare and natural language processing. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Amanda Jayanetti , Saman Halgamuge , Rajkumar Buyya

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated considerable potential for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods suffer from Gradient Starvation and Policy Degradation when training directly on samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Renda Li , Hailang Huang , Fei Wei , Feng Xiong , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu

Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique to train an agent to perform a task. However, an agent that is trained using reinforcement learning is only capable of achieving the single task that is specified via its reward function. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Carlos Florensa , David Held , Xinyang Geng , Pieter Abbeel

Curriculum learning--ordering training examples in a sequence to aid machine learning--takes inspiration from human learning, but has not gained widespread acceptance. Static strategies for scoring item difficulty rely on indirect proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenwei Tang , Amogh Inamdar , Ashton Anderson , Richard Zemel

Online Continual Learning (OCL) empowers machine learning models to acquire new knowledge online across a sequence of tasks. However, OCL faces a significant challenge: catastrophic forgetting, wherein the model learned in previous tasks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Fan Lyu , Daofeng Liu , Linglan Zhao , Zhang Zhang , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Liang Wang

Self-paced reinforcement learning (RL) aims to improve the data efficiency of learning by automatically creating sequences, namely curricula, of probability distributions over contexts. However, existing techniques for self-paced RL fail in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Cevahir Koprulu , Ufuk Topcu

Multi-task Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) aim to minimize routing costs while satisfying diverse constraints. Existing solvers typically adopt a unified reinforcement learning (RL) framework to learn generalizable patterns across tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shuangchun Gui , Suyu Liu , Xuehe Wang , Zhiguang Cao

Solving real-world manipulation tasks requires robots to have a repertoire of skills applicable to a wide range of circumstances. When using learning-based methods to acquire such skills, the key challenge is to obtain training data that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Kuan Fang , Toki Migimatsu , Ajay Mandlekar , Li Fei-Fei , Jeannette Bohg