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Speech-based inputs have been gaining significant momentum with the popularity of smartphones and tablets in our daily lives, since voice is the most easiest and efficient way for human-computer interaction. This paper works towards…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Yuanfeng Song , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Xuefang Zhao , Di Jiang

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

In Natural Language Interfaces to Databases systems, the text-to-SQL technique allows users to query databases by using natural language questions. Though significant progress in this area has been made recently, most parsers may fall short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Yuntao Li , Bei Chen , Qian Liu , Yan Gao , Jian-Guang Lou , Yan Zhang , Dongmei Zhang

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-SQL tasks, open-source LLMs encounter challenges in contextual understanding and response coherence. To tackle these issues, we present \ours, a systematic methodology tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaojun Chen , Tianle Wang , Tianhao Qiu , Jianbin Qin , Min Yang

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new approach to various natural language processing tasks, utilizing large language models (LLMs) to make predictions based on context that has been supplemented with a few examples or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyong Nan , Yilun Zhao , Weijin Zou , Narutatsu Ri , Jaesung Tae , Ellen Zhang , Arman Cohan , Dragomir Radev

Speech-to-SQL (S2SQL) aims to convert spoken questions into SQL queries given relational databases, which has been traditionally implemented in a cascaded manner while facing the following challenges: 1) model training is faced with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Huadai Liu , Rongjie Huang , Jinzheng He , Gang Sun , Ran Shen , Xize Cheng , Zhou Zhao

Most deep learning approaches for text-to-SQL generation are limited to the WikiSQL dataset, which only supports very simple queries. Recently, template-based and sequence-to-sequence approaches were proposed to support complex queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Dongjun Lee , Jaesik Yoon , Jongyun Song , Sanggil Lee , Sungroh Yoon

Generating queries corresponding to natural language questions is a long standing problem. Traditional methods lack language flexibility, while newer sequence-to-sequence models require large amount of data. Schema-agnostic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Amol Kelkar , Nachiketa Rajpurohit , Utkarsh Mittal , Peter Relan

Researchers have proposed numerous text-to-SQL techniques to streamline data analytics and accelerate the development of data-driven applications. To compare these techniques and select the best one for deployment, the community depends on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tengjun Jin , Yoojin Choi , Yuxuan Zhu , Daniel Kang

We present HES-SQL, a novel hybrid training framework that advances Text-to-SQL generation through the integration of thinking-mode-fused supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). Our approach introduces…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Suming Qiu , Jing Li , Zhicheng Zhou , Junjie Huang , Linyuan Qiu , Zhijie Sun

Building natural language (NL) interfaces for databases has been a long-standing challenge for several decades. The major advantage of these so-called NL-to-SQL systems is that end-users can query complex databases without the need to know…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ursin Brunner , Kurt Stockinger

Most recent research on Text-to-SQL semantic parsing relies on either parser itself or simple heuristic based approach to understand natural language query (NLQ). When synthesizing a SQL query, there is no explicit semantic information of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Jun Wang , Patrick Ng , Alexander Hanbo Li , Jiarong Jiang , Zhiguo Wang , Ramesh Nallapati , Bing Xiang , Sudipta Sengupta

To elevate the foundational capabilities and generalization prowess of the text-to-SQL model in real-world applications, we integrate model interpretability analysis with execution-guided strategy for semantic parsing of WHERE clauses in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Cong Zhang

With Large Language Models' (LLMs) emergent abilities on code generation tasks, Text-to-SQL has become one of the most popular downstream applications. Despite the strong results of multiple recent LLM-based Text-to-SQL frameworks, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Dazhi Peng

Large language models revolutionize Text2SQL through supervised fine-tuning, yet a crucial limitation is overlooked: the complexity of databases leads to an increased context length, consequently resulting in higher GPU memory demands for…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Wen Wuzhenghong , Zhang Yongpan , Pan Su , Sun Yuwei , Lu Pengwei , Ding Cheng

Text-to-SQL, the task of translating natural language questions into SQL queries, has long been a central challenge in NLP. While progress has been significant, applying it to the financial domain remains especially difficult due to complex…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-03 Avinash Kumar Singh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

While large language models (LLMs) have substantially improved Text-to-SQL generation, a pronounced gap remains between AI systems and human experts on challenging benchmarks such as BIRD-SQL. We argue this gap stems largely from the…

Text-to-SQL automatically translates natural language queries to SQL, allowing non-technical users to retrieve data from databases without specialized SQL knowledge. Despite the success of advanced LLM-based Text-to-SQL approaches on…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yizhang Zhu , Runzhi Jiang , Boyan Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

With the future striving toward data-centric decision-making, seamless access to databases is of utmost importance. There is extensive research on creating an efficient text-to-sql (TEXT2SQL) model to access data from the database. Using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Ayush Kumar , Parth Nagarkar , Prabhav Nalhe , Sanjeev Vijayakumar

Most modern Text2SQL systems prompt large language models (LLMs) with entire schemas -- mostly column information -- alongside the user's question. While effective on small databases, this approach fails on real-world schemas that exceed…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Thanh Dat Hoang , Thanh Tam Nguyen , Thanh Trung Huynh , Hongzhi Yin , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen