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Related papers: egg: Fast and Extensible Equality Saturation

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Equality saturation, a technique for program optimisation and reasoning, has gained attention due to the resurgence of equality graphs (e-graphs). E-graphs represent equivalence classes of terms under rewrite rules, enabling simultaneous…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Aleksei Tiurin , Dan R. Ghica , Nick Hu

In technology mapping, the quality of the final implementation heavily relies on the circuit structure after technology-independent optimization. Recent studies have introduced equality saturation as a novel optimization approach. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chen Chen , Guangyu HU , Cunxi Yu , Yuzhe Ma , Hongce Zhang

Equality saturation is a program optimization technique based on non-destructive rewriting and a form of abstract interpretation called e-class analysis. Existing e-class analyses are pessimistic and therefore typically imprecise when…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Russel Arbore , Alvin Cheung , Max Willsey

Equality saturation is an emerging technique for program and query optimization developed in the programming language community. It performs term rewriting over an E-graph, a data structure that compactly represents a program space. Despite…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Dan Suciu , Yisu Remy Wang , Yihong Zhang

E-graphs are a prominent data structure that has been increasing in popularity in recent years due to their expanding range of applications in various formal reasoning tasks. Often, they are used for equality saturation, a process of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Eytan Singher , Shachar Itzhaky

Equality saturation is a powerful technique for program optimization. Contextual equality saturation extends this to support rewrite rules that are conditioned on where a term appears in an expression. Existing work has brought contextual…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tyler Hou , Shadaj Laddad , Joseph M. Hellerstein

The use of rewriting-based visual formalisms is on the rise. In the formal methods community, this is due also to the introduction of adhesive categories, where most properties of classical approaches to graph transformation, such as those…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Roberto Biondo , Davide Castelnovo , Fabio Gadducci

Modern equality saturation systems excel at expression-level rewrites by exploring large spaces of equivalent programs without suffering from the phase-ordering problem. How- ever, these systems struggle to represent equivalence directly…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guillermo Garcia

Many compilers, synthesizers, and theorem provers rely on rewrite rules to simplify expressions or prove equivalences. Developing rewrite rules can be difficult: rules may be subtly incorrect, profitable rules are easy to miss, and rulesets…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Chandrakana Nandi , Max Willsey , Amy Zhu , Yisu Remy Wang , Brett Saiki , Adam Anderson , Adriana Schulz , Dan Grossman , Zachary Tatlock

The technique of \emph{equality saturation}, which equips graphs with an equivalence relation, has proven effective for program optimisation. We give a categorical semantics to these structures, called \emph{e-graphs}, in terms of Cartesian…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Aleksei Tiurin , Chris Barrett , Dan R. Ghica , Nick Hu

In this submission, we explore the use of equality saturation to optimize concurrent computations. A concurrent environment gives rise to new optimization opportunities, like extracting a common concurrent subcomputation. To our knowledge,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Henrich Lauko , Lukáš Korenčik , Peter Goodman

We present egglog, a fixpoint reasoning system that unifies Datalog and equality saturation (EqSat). Like Datalog, it supports efficient incremental execution, cooperating analyses, and lattice-based reasoning. Like EqSat, it supports term…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Yihong Zhang , Yisu Remy Wang , Oliver Flatt , David Cao , Philip Zucker , Eli Rosenthal , Zachary Tatlock , Max Willsey

One of the major optimizations employed in deep learning frameworks is graph rewriting. Production frameworks rely on heuristics to decide if rewrite rules should be applied and in which order. Prior research has shown that one can discover…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yichen Yang , Phitchaya Mangpo Phothilimtha , Yisu Remy Wang , Max Willsey , Sudip Roy , Jacques Pienaar

Generating high-performance code for diverse hardware and application domains is challenging. Functional array programming languages with patterns like map and reduce have been successfully combined with term rewriting to define and explore…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Thomas Koehler , Phil Trinder , Michel Steuwer

Recent algorithmic advances have made equality saturation an appealing approach to program optimization because it avoids the phase-ordering problem. Existing work uses external equality saturation libraries, or custom implementations that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jules Merckx , Alexandre Lopoukhine , Samuel Coward , Jianyi Cheng , Bjorn De Sutter , Tobias Grosser

E-graphs have attracted growing interest in many fields, particularly in logic synthesis and formal verification. E-graph extraction is a challenging NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. It requires identifying optimal terms from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiaqi Yin , Zhan Song , Chen Chen , Yaohui Cai , Zhiru Zhang , Cunxi Yu

With recent algorithmic improvements and easy-to-use libraries, equality saturation is being picked up for hardware design, program synthesis, theorem proving, program optimization, and more. Existing work on using equality saturation for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jules Merckx , Alexandre Lopoukhine , Samuel Coward , Jianyi Cheng , Bjorn De Sutter , Tobias Grosser

Equality saturation has become a dominant paradigm for equational program optimization. However, it has never been rigorously compared to another approach to the same problem, even though several exist, the most notable being stochastic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Qiantan Hong , Rupanshu Soi , Yihong Zhang , Alex Aiken

EDA toolchains are notoriously unpredictable, incomplete, and error-prone; the generally-accepted remedy has been to re-imagine EDA tasks as compilation problems. However, any compiler framework we apply must be prepared to handle the wide…

Equality saturation (EqSat) is a powerful optimization paradigm that compactly represents many equivalent programs in an e-graph and delays commitment until extraction selects a lowest-cost program. Making EqSat effective, therefore,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenyun Yin , Youwei Xiao , Yuze Luo , Yuyang Zou , Yun Liang
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