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Serverless Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a cost-effective solution for deploying AI services by enabling a 'pay-as-you-go' pricing model through GPU resource sharing. However, cold-start latency, especially the model loading…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenbin Zhu , Zhaoyan Shen , Zili Shao , Hongjun Dai , Feng Chen

In this work we explore the performance of CUDA in quenched lattice SU(2) simulations. CUDA, NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture, is a hardware and software architecture developed by NVIDIA for computing on the GPU. We present an…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-03-17 Nuno Cardoso , Pedro Bicudo

When accelerators fail in modern ML datacenters, operators migrate the affected ML training or inference jobs to entirely new racks. This approach, while preserving network performance, is highly inefficient, requiring datacenters to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Abhishek Vijaya Kumar , Eric Ding , Arjun Devraj , Darius Bunandar , Rachee Singh

Matrix factorization (MF) has been widely used in e.g., recommender systems, topic modeling and word embedding. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is popular in solving MF problems because it can deal with large data sets and is easy to do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Xiaolong Xie , Wei Tan , Liana L. Fong , Yun Liang

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

We discuss the CUDA approach to the simulation of pure gauge Lattice SU(2). CUDA is a hardware and software architecture developed by NVIDIA for computing on the GPU. We present an analysis and performance comparison between the GPU and CPU…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2011-01-27 Nuno Cardoso , Pedro Bicudo

We present a GPU implementation of LAMMPS, a widely-used parallel molecular dynamics (MD) software package, and show 5x to 13x single node speedups versus the CPU-only version of LAMMPS. This new CUDA package for LAMMPS also enables…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-03-08 Christian R. Trott , Lars Winterfeld , Paul S. Crozier

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become the standard in accelerating scientific applications on heterogeneous systems. However, as GPUs are getting faster, one potential performance bottleneck with GPU-accelerated applications is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Jonah Ekelund , Stefano Markidis , Ivy Peng

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

The performance gap between CPU and memory widens continuously. Choosing the best memory layout for each hardware architecture is increasingly important as more and more programs become memory bound. For portable codes that run across…

Modern LLM service providers increasingly rely on autoscaling and parallelism reconfiguration to respond to rapidly changing workloads, but cold-start latency remains a major bottleneck. While recent systems have reduced model weight…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xueshen Liu , Yongji Wu , Yuncheng Yao , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica , Z. Morley Mao

Scaling autoregressive large language models (LLMs) has driven unprecedented progress but comes with vast computational costs. In this work, we tackle these costs by leveraging unstructured sparsity within an LLM's feedforward layers, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Edoardo Cetin , Stefano Peluchetti , Emilio Castillo , Akira Naruse , Mana Murakami , Llion Jones

Unified Virtual Memory (UVM) was recently introduced on recent NVIDIA GPUs. Through software and hardware support, UVM provides a coherent shared memory across the entire heterogeneous node, migrating data as appropriate. The older CUDA…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Rohan Garg , Apoore Mohan , Michael Sullivan , Gene Cooperman

The growing volume of graph data may exhaust the main memory. It is crucial to design a disk-based graph storage system to ingest updates and analyze graphs efficiently. However, existing dynamic graph storage systems suffer from read or…

Processing-using-DRAM (PUD) architectures impose a restrictive data layout and alignment for their operands, where source and destination operands (i) must reside in the same DRAM subarray (i.e., a group of DRAM rows sharing the same row…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Emanuele G. Esposito , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

We scrutinize how to accelerate the bottleneck operations of Pythonic coupled cluster implementations performed on a \texttt{NVIDIA} Tesla V100S PCIe 32GB (rev 1a) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The \texttt{NVIDIA} Compute Unified Device…

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become the default approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) due to its significant reduction in trainable parameters. However, trainable parameter demand for LoRA increases with increasing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Seyedarmin Azizi , Souvik Kundu , Massoud Pedram

Log-Structured Merge-tree-based Key-Value Store (LSM-KVS) is a foundational storage engine serving diverse modern workloads, systems, and applications. To suit varying use cases, LSM-KVS allows a vast configuration space that controls core…

Large language models (LLMs) are both storage-intensive and computation-intensive, posing significant challenges when deployed on resource-constrained hardware. As linear layers in LLMs are mainly resource consuming parts, this paper…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Sixiao Huang , Tintin Wang , Ang Li , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Keyao Jiang , Mingqiang Huang , Hao Yu

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia