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Transformer-based language models such as BERT provide significant accuracy improvement for a multitude of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, their hefty computational and memory demands make them challenging to deploy to…

Using prompts to utilize language models to perform various downstream tasks, also known as prompt-based learning or prompt-learning, has lately gained significant success in comparison to the pre-train and fine-tune paradigm. Nonetheless,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Yi Sun , Yu Zheng , Chao Hao , Hangping Qiu

Recently, the pre-trained language model, BERT (and its robustly optimized version RoBERTa), has attracted a lot of attention in natural language understanding (NLU), and achieved state-of-the-art accuracy in various NLU tasks, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Wei Wang , Bin Bi , Ming Yan , Chen Wu , Zuyi Bao , Jiangnan Xia , Liwei Peng , Luo Si

Transfer learning with large pretrained transformer-based language models like BERT has become a dominating approach for most NLP tasks. Simply fine-tuning those large language models on downstream tasks or combining it with task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Wenjuan Han , Bo Pang , Yingnian Wu

Lately, pre-trained language models advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). The introduction of Bidirectional Encoders for Transformers (BERT) and its optimized version RoBERTa have had significant impact and increased the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Raphael Scheible , Fabian Thomczyk , Patric Tippmann , Victor Jaravine , Martin Boeker

As Transfer Learning from large-scale pre-trained models becomes more prevalent in Natural Language Processing (NLP), operating these large models in on-the-edge and/or under constrained computational training or inference budgets remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Victor Sanh , Lysandre Debut , Julien Chaumond , Thomas Wolf

Transformer-based language models, such as BERT and its variants, have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks on generic benchmark datasets (e.g., GLUE, SQUAD, RACE). However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 John Koutsikakis , Ilias Chalkidis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Ion Androutsopoulos

Models based on BERT have been extremely successful in solving a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Unfortunately, many of these large models require a great deal of computational resources and/or time for pre-training and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Sharath Nittur Sridhar , Anthony Sarah , Sairam Sundaresan

Language models pre-trained on biomedical corpora, such as BioBERT, have recently shown promising results on downstream biomedical tasks. Many existing pre-trained models, on the other hand, are resource-intensive and computationally heavy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , Samaneh Kouchaki , David A. Clifton

Large pre-trained language models help to achieve state of the art on a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, nevertheless, they still suffer from forgetting when incrementally learning a sequence of tasks. To alleviate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

This paper presents a performance study of transformer language models under different hardware configurations and accuracy requirements and derives empirical observations about these resource/accuracy trade-offs. In particular, we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Souvika Sarkar , Mohammad Fakhruddin Babar , Md Mahadi Hassan , Monowar Hasan , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu

Humans read and write hundreds of billions of messages every day. Further, due to the availability of large datasets, large computing systems, and better neural network models, natural language processing (NLP) technology has made…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Forrest N. Iandola , Albert E. Shaw , Ravi Krishna , Kurt W. Keutzer

Multilingual BERT (mBERT) trained on 104 languages has shown surprisingly good cross-lingual performance on several NLP tasks, even without explicit cross-lingual signals. However, these evaluations have focused on cross-lingual transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Shijie Wu , Mark Dredze

BERT adopts masked language modeling (MLM) for pre-training and is one of the most successful pre-training models. Since BERT neglects dependency among predicted tokens, XLNet introduces permuted language modeling (PLM) for pre-training to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Jianfeng Lu , Tie-Yan Liu

Large-scale pre-trained language models such as BERT have brought significant improvements to NLP applications. However, they are also notorious for being slow in inference, which makes them difficult to deploy in real-time applications. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Ji Xin , Raphael Tang , Jaejun Lee , Yaoliang Yu , Jimmy Lin

Pre-trained language models have shown remarkable results on various NLP tasks. Nevertheless, due to their bulky size and slow inference speed, it is hard to deploy them on edge devices. In this paper, we have a critical insight that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Chenhe Dong , Guangrun Wang , Hang Xu , Jiefeng Peng , Xiaozhe Ren , Xiaodan Liang

The transformer-based pre-trained language model BERT has helped to improve state-of-the-art performance on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Using the same architecture and parameters, we developed and evaluated a monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Wietse de Vries , Andreas van Cranenburgh , Arianna Bisazza , Tommaso Caselli , Gertjan van Noord , Malvina Nissim

Pre-training models are an important tool in Natural Language Processing (NLP), while the BERT model is a classic pre-training model whose structure has been widely adopted by followers. It was even chosen as the reference model for the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Jinle Zeng , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Jiaqi Liu , Yuang Liu , Dianhai Yu , Yanjun Ma

Pre-trained contextual representations (e.g., BERT) have become the foundation to achieve state-of-the-art results on many NLP tasks. However, large-scale pre-training is computationally expensive. ELECTRA, an early attempt to accelerate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Zhenhui Xu , Linyuan Gong , Guolin Ke , Di He , Shuxin Zheng , Liwei Wang , Jiang Bian , Tie-Yan Liu

Recent advances, such as GPT and BERT, have shown success in incorporating a pre-trained transformer language model and fine-tuning operation to improve downstream NLP systems. However, this framework still has some fundamental problems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-22 Zhongyang Li , Xiao Ding , Ting Liu