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Deep Reinforcement Learning has made significant progress in multi-agent systems in recent years. In this review article, we have focused on presenting recent approaches on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Afshin OroojlooyJadid , Davood Hajinezhad

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has long been a significant and everlasting research topic in both machine learning and control. With the recent development of (single-agent) deep RL, there is a resurgence of interests in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

Most real-world domains can be formulated as multi-agent (MA) systems. Intentionality sharing agents can solve more complex tasks by collaborating, possibly in less time. True cooperative actions are beneficial for egoistic and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Philipp Dominic Siedler

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a promising research area that extends established reinforcement learning approaches to problems formulated as multi-agent systems. Recently, a multitude of communication methods have been introduced to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christoph Wittner

We consider multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents can be brittle because they can overfit their training partners' policies. This overfitting can produce agents that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Tessa van der Heiden , Herke van Hoof , Efstratios Gavves , Christoph Salge

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great abilities in various tasks, including question answering, arithmetic problem solving, and poem writing, among others. Although research on LLM-as-an-agent has shown that LLM can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chuanneng Sun , Songjun Huang , Dario Pompili

The majority of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) literature equates the cooperation of self-interested agents in mixed environments to the problem of social welfare maximization, allowing agents to arbitrarily share rewards and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Dmitry Ivanov , Ilya Zisman , Kirill Chernyshev

We approach autonomous drone-based reforestation with a collaborative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) setup. Agents can communicate as part of a dynamically changing network. We explore collaboration and communication on the back…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Philipp Dominic Siedler

We propose a novel formulation of the "effectiveness problem" in communications, put forth by Shannon and Weaver in their seminal work [2], by considering multiple agents communicating over a noisy channel in order to achieve better…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Tze-Yang Tung , Szymon Kobus , Joan Roig Pujol , Deniz Gunduz

This paper considers multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in networked system control. Specifically, each agent learns a decentralized control policy based on local observations and messages from connected neighbors. We formulate such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Tianshu Chu , Sandeep Chinchali , Sachin Katti

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

In multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL), agents can communicate with one another to perform a task in a coordinated manner. When multiple tasks are involved, agents can also leverage knowledge from one task to improve learning in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Changxi Zhu , Mehdi Dastani , Shihan Wang

Many real-world problems require the coordination of multiple autonomous agents. Recent work has shown the promise of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn explicit communication strategies that enable complex multi-agent coordination.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a standard framework for modeling multi-agent interactions applied in real-world scenarios. Inspired by experience sharing in human groups, learning knowledge parallel reusing between agents can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Yongyuan Liang , Bangwei Li

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for tasks in complex high-dimensional environments, such as autonomous driving. MARL is known to suffer from the \textit{partial observability} and \textit{non-stationarity} issues. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Hang Wang , Dechen Gao , Junshan Zhang

We consider the problem of learning to communicate using multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). A common approach is to learn off-policy, using data sampled from a replay buffer. However, messages received in the past may not accurately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Sanjeevan Ahilan , Peter Dayan

Existing multi-agent coordination techniques are often fragile and vulnerable to anomalies such as agent attrition and communication disturbances, which are quite common in the real-world deployment of systems like field robotics. To better…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-27 Anthony Goeckner , Yueyuan Sui , Nicolas Martinet , Xinliang Li , Qi Zhu

This paper explores the emergence of language in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) using transformers. Existing methods such as RIAL, DIAL, and CommNet enable agent communication but lack interpretability. We propose Differentiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mannan Bhardwaj

Communication is a key component in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for mitigating partial observability, yet prior approaches often rely on inefficient information exchange or fail to transmit sufficient state information. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sangjun Bae , Yisak Park , Sanghyeon Lee , Seungyul Han

Multi-agent sequential decision-making powers many real-world systems, from autonomous vehicles and robotics to collaborative AI assistants. In dynamic, partially observable environments, communication is often what reduces uncertainty and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Jingdi Chen , Hanqing Yang , Zongjun Liu , Carlee Joe-Wong