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Since the Message Passing (Graph) Neural Networks (MPNNs) have a linear complexity with respect to the number of nodes when applied to sparse graphs, they have been widely implemented and still raise a lot of interest even though their…
A hallmark of graph neural networks is their ability to distinguish the isomorphism class of their inputs. This study derives hardness results for the classification variant of graph isomorphism in the message-passing model (MPNN). MPNN…
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly divided into message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) and spectral graph neural networks, reflecting two largely separate research traditions in machine learning and signal processing. This paper…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are learning models aimed at processing graphs and signals on graphs. The most popular and successful GNNs are based on message passing schemes. Such schemes inherently have limited expressive power when it…
Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are a widely used method for graph representation learning. We investigate the power of GCNs, as a function of their number of layers, to distinguish between different random graph models on the basis of…
Famously, the ability of Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNN) to distinguish between graphs is limited to graphs separable by the Weisfeiler-Lemann (WL) graph isomorphism test, and the strongest MPNNs, in terms of separation power, are…
Graph Neural Network (GNN) has been demonstrated its effectiveness in dealing with non-Euclidean structural data. Both spatial-based and spectral-based GNNs are relying on adjacency matrix to guide message passing among neighbors during…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are an effective framework for representation learning of graphs. GNNs follow a neighborhood aggregation scheme, where the representation vector of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming…
Message passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) provide a powerful modeling framework for relational data. However, the expressive power of existing GNNs is upper-bounded by the 1-Weisfeiler-Lehman (1-WL) graph isomorphism test, which means…
Message passing graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to have their expressiveness upper-bounded by 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman (1-WL) algorithm. To achieve more powerful GNNs, existing attempts either require ad hoc features, or…
Characterizing the separation power of graph neural networks (GNNs) provides an understanding of their limitations for graph learning tasks. Results regarding separation power are, however, usually geared at specific GNN architectures, and…
Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data based on graph original information, including node features and graph structures, and have shown astonishing improvement in node classification…
Graph kernels are historically the most widely-used technique for graph classification tasks. However, these methods suffer from limited performance because of the hand-crafted combinatorial features of graphs. In recent years, graph neural…
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a class of deep models that operate on data with arbitrary topology represented as graphs. We introduce an efficient memory layer for GNNs that can jointly learn node representations and coarsen the graph.…
Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are a common type of Graph Neural Network (GNN), in which each node's representation is computed recursively by aggregating representations (messages) from its immediate neighbors akin to a…
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) show strong expressive power on graph data mining, by aggregating information from neighbors and using the integrated representation in the downstream tasks. The same aggregation methods and parameters for each…
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool to learn representations on graphs by iteratively aggregating features from node neighbourhoods. Many variant models have been proposed, but there is limited understanding on both how to…
In recent years, Graph Neural Network (GNN) has bloomly progressed for its power in processing graph-based data. Most GNNs follow a message passing scheme, and their expressive power is mathematically limited by the discriminative ability…
Various recent proposals increase the distinguishing power of Graph Neural Networks GNNs by propagating features between $k$-tuples of vertices. The distinguishing power of these "higher-order'' GNNs is known to be bounded by the…
From the perspective of expressive power, this work compares multi-layer Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with a simplified alternative that we call Graph-Augmented Multi-Layer Perceptrons (GA-MLPs), which first augments node features with…