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The fair allocation of scarce resources is a central problem in mathematics, computer science, operations research, and economics. While much of the fair-division literature assumes that individuals have underlying cardinal preferences,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Trung Dang , Daniel Halpern , Anuran Makur , Alexandros Psomas , Japneet Singh , Paritosh Verma

We study the problem of allocating indivisible items to budget-constrained agents, aiming to provide fairness and efficiency guarantees. Specifically, our goal is to ensure that the resulting allocation is envy-free up to any item (EFx)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Marius Garbea , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Xizhi Tan

We study the fair allocation of indivisible items subject to conflict constraints. In this framework, the items are represented as the vertices of a graph, with edges corresponding to conflicts between pairs of items. Each agent is assigned…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sarfaraz Equbal , Rohit Gurjar , Ayumi Igarashi , Yatharth Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Swaprava Nath , Raghuvansh Saxena , Rohit Vaish , Hirotaka Yoneda

We consider the problem of fair allocation of indivisible items among $n$ agents with additive valuations, when agents have equal entitlements to the goods, and there are no transfers. Best-of-Both-Worlds (BoBW) fairness mechanisms aim to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Moshe Babaioff , Tomer Ezra , Uriel Feige

We study fair mechanisms for the classic job scheduling problem on unrelated machines with the objective of minimizing the makespan. This problem is equivalent to minimizing the egalitarian social cost in the fair division of chores. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Michal Feldman , Jugal Garg , Vishnu V. Narayan , Tomasz Ponitka

Motivated by applications where impatience is pervasive and evaluation times are uncertain, we study a selection model where options may expire at an unknown point in time and evaluation times are stochastic. Initially, the decision-maker…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-05 Yihua Xu , Rohan Ghuge , Sebastian Perez-Salazar

We study the problem of mechanism design for allocating a set of indivisible items among agents with private preferences on items. We are interested in such a mechanism that is strategyproof (where agents' best strategy is to report their…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Ankang Sun , Bo Chen

Fair division has emerged as a very hot topic in multiagent systems, and envy-freeness is among the most compelling fairness concepts. An allocation of indivisible items to agents is envy-free if no agent prefers the bundle of any other…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Ioannis Caragiannis , Stavros Ioannidis

A matching in a bipartite graph with parts X and Y is called envy-free if no unmatched vertex in X is a adjacent to a matched vertex in Y. Every perfect matching is envy-free, but envy-free matchings exist even when perfect matchings do…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Elad Aigner-Horev , Erel Segal-Halevi

We consider the discrete assignment problem in which agents express ordinal preferences over objects and these objects are allocated to the agents in a fair manner. We use the stochastic dominance relation between fractional or randomized…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-18 Haris Aziz , Serge Gaspers , Simon Mackenzie , Toby Walsh

We consider fair division problems where indivisible items arrive one-by-one in an online fashion and are allocated immediately to agents who have additive utilities over these items. Many existing offline mechanisms do not work in this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Martin Aleksandrov , Toby Walsh

We consider the problem of reforming an envy-free matching when each agent is assigned a single item. Given an envy-free matching, we consider an operation to exchange the item of an agent with an unassigned item preferred by the agent that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Takehiro Ito , Yuni Iwamasa , Naonori Kakimura , Naoyuki Kamiyama , Yusuke Kobayashi , Yuta Nozaki , Yoshio Okamoto , Kenta Ozeki

Fairly dividing a set of indivisible resources to a set of agents is of utmost importance in some applications. However, after an allocation has been implemented the preferences of agents might change and envy might arise. We study the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Niclas Boehmer , Robert Bredereck , Klaus Heeger , Dušan Knop , Junjie Luo

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible goods among agents with subadditive valuations in a fair and efficient manner. Envy-Freeness up to any good (EFX) is the most compelling notion of fairness in the context of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Bhaskar Ray Chaudhury , Jugal Garg , Ruta Mehta

In the fair division of items among interested agents, envy-freeness is possibly the most favoured and widely studied formalisation of fairness. For indivisible items, envy-free allocations may not exist in trivial cases, and hence research…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Umang Bhaskar , Gunjan Kumar , Yeshwant Pandit , Rakshitha

We formulate the problem of fair and efficient completion of indivisible goods, defined as follows: Given a partial allocation of indivisible goods among agents, does there exist an allocation of the remaining goods (i.e., a completion)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Vishwa Prakash HV , Ayumi Igarashi , Rohit Vaish

We study the fair allocation of indivisible goods and chores under ordinal valuations for agents with unequal entitlements. We show the existence and polynomial time computation of weighted necessarily proportional up to one item…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Vishwa Prakash H. V. , Prajakta Nimbhorkar

We study the fair allocation of a cake, which serves as a metaphor for a divisible resource, under the requirement that each agent should receive a contiguous piece of the cake. While it is known that no finite envy-free algorithm exists in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Paul W. Goldberg , Alexandros Hollender , Warut Suksompong

We study the fair allocation of indivisible goods among a group of agents, aiming to limit the envy between any two agents. The central open problem in this literature, which has proven to be extremely challenging, is regarding the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Arash Ashuri , Vasilis Gkatzelis , Alkmini Sgouritsa

In this paper, we study how to fairly allocate a set of m indivisible chores to a group of n agents, each of which has a general additive cost function on the items. Since envy-free (EF) allocations are not guaranteed to exist, we consider…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Shengwei Zhou , Xiaowei Wu