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In the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, simulating and verifying noisy quantum circuits is crucial but faces challenges such as quantum state explosion and complex noise representations, constraining simulation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Mingyu Huang , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

Matrix Product States form the basis of powerful simulation methods for ground state problems in one dimension. Their power stems from the fact that they faithfully approximate states with a low amount of entanglement, the "area law". In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-04 Jiri Guth Jarkovsky , Andras Molnar , Norbert Schuch , J. Ignacio Cirac

Noise in existing quantum processors only enables an approximation to ideal quantum computation. However, these approximations can be vastly improved by error mitigation, for the computation of expectation values, as shown by small-scale…

Matrix product operators (MPOs) provide a scalable approach for quantum state tomography (QST) by offering a compact representation of many-body mixed states with limited entanglement, using only a number of parameters that scales…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Jian-Feng Cai , Jingyang Li , Xiaoqun Zhang , Yuanwei Zhang

Identification of the optimal quantum metrological protocols in realistic many particle quantum models is in general a challenge that cannot be efficiently addressed by the state-of-the-art numerical and analytical methods. Here we provide…

Matrix-product unitaries (MPUs) are many-body unitary operators that, as a consequence of their tensor-network structure, preserve the entanglement area law in 1D systems. However, it is unknown how to implement an MPU as a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Georgios Styliaris , Rahul Trivedi , J. Ignacio Cirac

Effective quantum computation relies upon making good use of the exponential information capacity of a quantum machine. A large barrier to designing quantum algorithms for execution on real quantum machines is that, in general, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Adam Holmes , A. Y. Matsuura

Locally Purified Density Operators (LPDOs) are state-of-the-art tensor network ansatze candidates that efficiently represent mixed quantum states at scale. However, given their non-uniqueness, their representational complexity is generally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Amit Jamadagni , Eugene Dumitrescu

We provide theory, algorithms, and simulations of non-equilibrium quantum systems using a one-dimensional (1D) completely-positive (CP), matrix-product (MP) density-operator ($\rho$) representation. By generalizing the matrix product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Amit Jamadagni , Eugene Dumitrescu

Quantum systems are inherently open and susceptible to environmental noise, which can have both detrimental and beneficial effects on their dynamics. This phenomenon has been observed in bio-molecular systems, where noise enables novel…

Dynamic quantum simulation is a leading application for achieving quantum advantage. However, high circuit depths remain a limiting factor on near-term quantum hardware. We present a compilation algorithm based on Matrix Product Operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Joe Gibbs , Lukasz Cincio

The advent of quantum computers promises exponential speed ups in the execution of various computational tasks. While their capabilities are hindered by quantum decoherence, they can be exactly simulated on classical hardware at the cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Maxime Oliva

We introduce an efficient algorithm for the systematic design of shallow-depth quantum circuits capable of preparing many-body quantum states represented as Matrix Product States (MPS). The proposed method leverages Schmidt spectrum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Josh Green , Joshua Snow , Jingbo B Wang

Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are at the heart of the second-generation Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) algorithm formulated in Matrix Product State language. We first summarise the widely known facts on MPO arithmetic and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-01-20 C. Hubig , I. P. McCulloch , U. Schollwöck

Quantum processing units boost entanglement at the level of hardware and enable physical simulations of highly correlated electron states in molecules and intermolecular chemical bonds. The variational quantum eigensolver provides a…

While quantum computing can accomplish tasks that are classically intractable, the presence of noise may destroy this advantage in the absence of fault tolerance. In this work, we present a classical algorithm that runs in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Yifan F. Zhang , Su-un Lee , Liang Jiang , Sarang Gopalakrishnan

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is vital for noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. While most conventional QEM schemes assume discrete gate-based circuits with noise appearing either before or after each gate, the assumptions are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Takahiro Tsunoda , Vlatko Vedral , Simon C. Bejamin , Suguru Endo

Evaluating quantum algorithms at utility-scale - involving more than 100 qubits - is a key step toward advancing real-world applications of quantum computing. In this study, we benchmark seven state-of-the-art quantum emulators employing…

We consider the simulation of interacting high-dimensional systems using pairwise interacting qubits. The main tool in this context is the generation of effective many-body interactions, and we examine a number of different protocols for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-03-04 Wolfgang Dür , Michael J. Bremner , Hans J. Briegel

Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested…