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Multi-hop reasoning over financial disclosures is often a retrieval problem before it becomes a reasoning or generation problem: relevant facts are dispersed across sections, filings, companies, and years, and LLMs often expend excessive…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-06 Abhinav Arun , Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Reinforcement learning (RL) based on the final answer's reward has driven recent progress in small language models (SLMs) on reasoning-heavy tasks such as math and code. However, applying the same techniques to retrieval-augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Abhinav Java , Srivathsan Koundinyan , Nagarajan Natarajan , Amit Sharma

Large language models augmented with task-relevant documents have demonstrated impressive performance on knowledge-intensive tasks. However, regarding how to obtain effective documents, the existing methods are mainly divided into two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhangyin Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Dezhi Zhao , Maojin Yang , Bing Qin

Has there been real progress in multi-hop question-answering? Models often exploit dataset artifacts to produce correct answers, without connecting information across multiple supporting facts. This limits our ability to measure true…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Harsh Trivedi , Niranjan Balasubramanian , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal

Automated question generation is an important approach to enable personalisation of English comprehension assessment. Recently, transformer-based pretrained language models have demonstrated the ability to produce appropriate questions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) offers an effective approach for addressing question answering (QA) tasks. However, the imperfections of the retrievers in RAG models often result in the retrieval of irrelevant information, which could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jinyuan Fang , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

This paper describes the solutions of the Dianping-Trust-Safety team for the META CRAG-MM challenge. The challenge requires building a comprehensive retrieval-augmented generation system capable for multi-modal multi-turn question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Chenliang Zhang , Lin Wang , Yuanyuan Lu , Yusheng Qi , Kexin Wang , Peixu Hou , Wenshi Chen

Multi-hop Question Generation is the task of generating questions which require the reader to reason over and combine information spread across multiple passages using several reasoning steps. Chain-of-thought rationale generation has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Saurabh Kulshreshtha , Anna Rumshisky

Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering questions posed by humans in natural languages. There are different settings to answer a question, such as abstractive, extractive, boolean, and multiple-choice QA. As a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhenyu Li , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

The retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables retrieval of relevant information from an external knowledge source and allows large language models (LLMs) to answer queries over previously unseen document collections. However, it was…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Mykhailo Poliakov , Nadiya Shvai

This paper proposes the problem of Deep Question Generation (DQG), which aims to generate complex questions that require reasoning over multiple pieces of information of the input passage. In order to capture the global structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Liangming Pan , Yuxi Xie , Yansong Feng , Tat-Seng Chua , Min-Yen Kan

Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA) tasks permeate real-world applications, posing challenges in orchestrating multi-step reasoning across diverse knowledge domains. While existing approaches have been improved with iterative retrieval,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rong Cheng , Jinyi Liu , Yan Zheng , Fei Ni , Jiazhen Du , Hangyu Mao , Fuzheng Zhang , Bo Wang , Jianye Hao

Although deep neural networks have achieved tremendous success for question answering (QA), they are still suffering from heavy computational and energy cost for real product deployment. Further, existing QA systems are bottlenecked by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Yuwei Fang , Shuohang Wang , Zhe Gan , Siqi Sun , Jingjing Liu , Chenguang Zhu

This paper presents an end-to-end neural network model, named Neural Generative Question Answering (GENQA), that can generate answers to simple factoid questions, based on the facts in a knowledge-base. More specifically, the model is built…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Jun Yin , Xin Jiang , Zhengdong Lu , Lifeng Shang , Hang Li , Xiaoming Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are widely adopted in knowledge-intensive NLP tasks, but current evaluations often overlook the structural complexity and multi-step reasoning required in real-world scenarios. These benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jeongsoo Lee , Daeyong Kwon , Kyohoon Jin

A key challenge of multi-hop question answering (QA) in the open-domain setting is to accurately retrieve the supporting passages from a large corpus. Existing work on open-domain QA typically relies on off-the-shelf information retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Wenhan Xiong , Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Hong Wang , Shiyu Chang , Murray Campbell , William Yang Wang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown promising potential in knowledge intensive question answering (QA). However, existing approaches only consider the query itself, neither specifying the retrieval preferences for the retrievers…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhongwu Chen , Chengjin Xu , Dingmin Wang , Zhen Huang , Yong Dou , Xuhui Jiang , Jian Guo

Multi-hop Reading Comprehension (RC) requires reasoning and aggregation across several paragraphs. We propose a system for multi-hop RC that decomposes a compositional question into simpler sub-questions that can be answered by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Sewon Min , Victor Zhong , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Neural network models recently proposed for question answering (QA) primarily focus on capturing the passage-question relation. However, they have minimal capability to link relevant facts distributed across multiple sentences which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Souvik Kundu , Hwee Tou Ng

We propose a novel text generation task, namely Curiosity-driven Question Generation. We start from the observation that the Question Generation task has traditionally been considered as the dual problem of Question Answering, hence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Thomas Scialom , Jacopo Staiano