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We propose a strong physical unclonable function (PUF) provably secure against machine learning (ML) attacks with both classical and quantum computers. Its security is derived from cryptographic hardness of learning decryption functions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Ye Wang , Xiaodan Xi , Michael Orshansky

It is shown that a class of optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) can be learned to arbitrary precision with arbitrarily high probability, even in the presence of noise, given access to polynomially many challenge-response pairs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Apollo Albright , Boris Gelfand , Michael Dixon

Quantum Physical Unclonable Functions (QPUFs) offer a physically grounded approach to secure authentication, extending the capabilities of classical PUFs. This review covers their theoretical foundations and key implementation challenges -…

A silicon physically unclonable function (PUF) is considered to be one of the key security system solutions for local devices in an era in which the internet is pervasive. Among many proposals, a PUF using ring oscillators (RO-PUF) has the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Shinich Yasuda , Satoshi Takaya , Shinobu Fujita

The omnipresent digitalization trend has enabled a number of related malicious activities, ranging from data theft to disruption of businesses, counterfeiting of devices, and identity fraud, among others. Hence, it is essential to implement…

As the demand for highly secure and dependable lightweight systems increases in the modern world, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) continue to promise a lightweight alternative to high-cost encryption techniques and secure key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Owen Millwood , Jack Miskelly , Bohao Yang , Prosanta Gope , Elif Kavun , Chenghua Lin

The concept of Secret Unknown Ciphers (SUCs) was introduced a decade ago as a new visionary concept without devising practical real-world examples. The major contribution of this work is to show the feasibility of "self-mutating" unknown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Ayoub Mars , Wael Adi

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) leverage manufacturing process imperfections that cause propagation delay discrepancies for the signals traveling along these paths. While PUFs can be used for device authentication and chip-specific key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Michael Dominguez , Amin Rezaei

We propose a theoretical framework to quantitatively describe Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs), including extensions to quantum protocols, so-called Quantum Readout PUFs (QR-PUFs). (QR-) PUFs are physical systems with challenge-response…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-08 Giulio Gianfelici , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have emerged as a promising solution to identify and authenticate Integrated Circuits (ICs). In this paper, we propose a novel NAND-based Set-Reset (SR) Flip-flop (FF) PUF design for security enclosures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Rohith Prasad Challa , Sheikh Ariful Islam , Srinivas Katkoori

The interest in "Physically Unclonable Function"-devices has increased rapidly over the last few years, as they have several interesting properties for system security related applications like, for example, the management of cryptographic…

Applications · Statistics 2014-09-30 Benjamin Hackl , Daniel Kurz , Clemens Heuberger , Jürgen Pilz , Martin Deutschmann

Entropy or randomness represents a foundational security property in security-related operations, such as key generation. Key generation in turn is central to security protocols such as authentication and encryption. Physical unclonable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Jenilee Jao , Kristi Hoffman , Cheryl Reid , Ryan Thomson , Michael Thompson , Jim Plusquellic

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), physical objects that are practically unclonable because of their andom and uncontrollable manufacturing variations, are becoming increasingly popular as security primitives and unique identifiers in a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 E. Marakis , U. Rührmair , M. Lachner , R. Uppu , B. Škorić , P. W. H. Pinkse

In this work the novel usage of a physically unclonable function composed of a network of Mach-Zehnder interferometers for authentication tasks is described. The physically unclonable function hardware is completely reconfigurable, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 H S. Jacinto , A. Matthew Smith

There has been a growing interest in fully integrating Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) for cryptographic primitives, or keyless encryption. Keyless primitives do not store key information during the entire encryption and decryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Dina Ghanai Miandoab , Sareh Assiri , Joseph Mihaljevic , Bertrand Cambou

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) involve challenging practical applications of error-correcting codes (ECCs), requiring extremely low failure rates on the order of $10^{-6}$ and below despite raw input bit error rates as high as 22%.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Marvin Rübenacke , Sebastian Cammerer , Michael Sullivan , Alexander Keller

A silicon physically unclonable function (PUF) using ring oscillators (ROs) has the advantage of easy application in both an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Here, we provide a…

Physical unclonable functions(PUFs) provide a unique fingerprint to a physical entity by exploiting the inherent physical randomness. Gao et al. discussed the vulnerability of most current-day PUFs to sophisticated machine learning-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Kaushik Chakraborty , Mina Doosti , Yao Ma , Chirag Wadhwa , Myrto Arapinis , Elham Kashefi

The current chapter aims at establishing a relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and hardware security. Such a connection between AI and software security has been confirmed and well-reviewed in the relevant literature. The main…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Fatemeh Ganji , Shahin Tajik

This article presents a reconfigurable physically unclonable function (PUF) design fabricated using 65-nm CMOS technology. A subthreshold-inverter-based static PUF cell achieves 0.3% native bit error rate (BER) at 0.062-fJ per bit core…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-14 Dai Li , Kaiyuan Yang