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We investigate unsupervised models that can map a variable-duration speech segment to a fixed-dimensional representation. In settings where unlabelled speech is the only available resource, such acoustic word embeddings can form the basis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Herman Kamper

Recent work has begun exploring neural acoustic word embeddings---fixed-dimensional vector representations of arbitrary-length speech segments corresponding to words. Such embeddings are applicable to speech retrieval and recognition tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Wanjia He , Weiran Wang , Karen Livescu

Pre-trained deep learning embeddings have consistently shown superior performance over handcrafted acoustic features in speech emotion recognition (SER). However, unlike acoustic features with clear physical meaning, these embeddings lack…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Satvik Dixit , Daniel M. Low , Gasser Elbanna , Fabio Catania , Satrajit S. Ghosh

How do neural networks "perceive" speech sounds from unknown languages? Does the typological similarity between the model's training language (L1) and an unknown language (L2) have an impact on the model representations of L2 speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Badr M. Abdullah , Iuliia Zaitova , Tania Avgustinova , Bernd Möbius , Dietrich Klakow

Acoustics-to-word models are end-to-end speech recognizers that use words as targets without relying on pronunciation dictionaries or graphemes. These models are notoriously difficult to train due to the lack of linguistic knowledge. It is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-14 Hao Tang , James Glass

Word embedding (WE) techniques are advanced textual semantic representation models oriented from the natural language processing (NLP) area. Inspired by their effectiveness in facilitating various NLP tasks, more and more researchers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xiaohan Chen , Weiqin Zou , Lianyi Zhi , Qianshuang Meng , Jingxuan Zhang

Self-supervised audio representation learning offers an attractive alternative for obtaining generic audio embeddings, capable to be employed into various downstream tasks. Published approaches that consider both audio and words/tags…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Xavier Favory , Konstantinos Drossos , Tuomas Virtanen , Xavier Serra

We explore self-supervised models that can be potentially deployed on mobile devices to learn general purpose audio representations. Specifically, we propose methods that exploit the temporal context in the spectrogram domain. One method…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-29 Marco Tagliasacchi , Beat Gfeller , Félix de Chaumont Quitry , Dominik Roblek

Acoustic word embeddings --- fixed-dimensional vector representations of variable-length spoken word segments --- have begun to be considered for tasks such as speech recognition and query-by-example search. Such embeddings can be learned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Shane Settle , Karen Livescu

We propose a new model for learning bilingual word representations from non-parallel document-aligned data. Following the recent advances in word representation learning, our model learns dense real-valued word vectors, that is, bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Ivan Vulić , Marie-Francine Moens

This paper proposes a novel acoustic word embedding called Acoustic Neighbor Embeddings where speech or text of arbitrary length are mapped to a vector space of fixed, reduced dimensions by adapting stochastic neighbor embedding (SNE) to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-10 Woojay Jeon

Acoustic word embeddings are fixed-dimensional representations of variable-length speech segments. Such embeddings can form the basis for speech search, indexing and discovery systems when conventional speech recognition is not possible. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Herman Kamper , Yevgen Matusevych , Sharon Goldwater

To be able to interact better with humans, it is crucial for machines to understand sound - a primary modality of human perception. Previous works have used sound to learn embeddings for improved generic textual similarity assessment. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Ashwin K Vijayakumar , Ramakrishna Vedantam , Devi Parikh

Learning the latent representation of data in unsupervised fashion is a very interesting process that provides relevant features for enhancing the performance of a classifier. For speech emotion recognition tasks, generating effective…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Siddique Latif , Rajib Rana , Junaid Qadir , Julien Epps

Pre-trained word embeddings encode general word semantics and lexical regularities of natural language, and have proven useful across many NLP tasks, including word sense disambiguation, machine translation, and sentiment analysis, to name…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Alejandro Moreo , Andrea Esuli , Fabrizio Sebastiani

We consider the task of unsupervised extraction of meaningful latent representations of speech by applying autoencoding neural networks to speech waveforms. The goal is to learn a representation able to capture high level semantic content…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Jan Chorowski , Ron J. Weiss , Samy Bengio , Aäron van den Oord

Attention-based contextual biasing approaches have shown significant improvements in the recognition of generic and/or personal rare-words in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition (E2E ASR) systems like neural transducers. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Xuandi Fu , Kanthashree Mysore Sathyendra , Ankur Gandhe , Jing Liu , Grant P. Strimel , Ross McGowan , Athanasios Mouchtaris

Acoustic-to-Word recognition provides a straightforward solution to end-to-end speech recognition without needing external decoding, language model re-scoring or lexicon. While character-based models offer a natural solution to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-22 Shruti Palaskar , Florian Metze

Most speech recognition tasks pertain to mapping words across two modalities: acoustic and orthographic. In this work, we suggest learning encoders that map variable-length, acoustic or phonetic, sequences that represent words into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Mohamed El-Geish

Automatic Audio Captioning (AAC) refers to the task of translating audio into a natural language that describes the audio events, source of the events and their relationships. The limited samples in AAC datasets at present, has set up a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Swapnil Bhosale , Rupayan Chakraborty , Sunil Kumar Kopparapu