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A {\em Motzkin path} of length $n$ is a lattice path from $(0,0)$ to $(n,0)$ in the plane integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}$ consisting of horizontal-steps $(1, 0)$, up-steps $(1,1)$, and down-steps $(1,-1)$, which never passes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-29 Yidong Sun

Motzkin paths are simple yet important combinatorial objects. In this paper, we consider families of Motzkin paths with restrictions on peak heights, valley heights, upward-run lengths, downward-run lengths, and flat-run lengths. This paper…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-07 AJ Bu

Fragmentation processes are part of a broad class of models describing the evolution of a system of particles which split apart at random. These models are widely used in biology, materials science and nuclear physics, and their asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Quan Shi , Alexander R. Watson

We describe spatio-temporal random processes using linear mixed models. We show how many commonly used models can be viewed as special cases of this general framework and pay close attention to models with separable or product-sum…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-01 Michael Dumelle , Jay M. Ver Hoef , Claudio Fuentes , Alix Gitelman

We give several bijections among restricted Motzkin paths, explaining why various parameters on these paths are equidistributed. For example, the number of doublerise-free Motzkin paths of length n is the same as the number of peak-free…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Callan

We present an algorithm for the decomposition of periodic financial return data into orthogonal factors of expected return and "systemic", "productive", and "nonproductive" risk. Generally, when the number of funds does not exceed the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2014-11-19 Vic Norton

We obtain exact, simple and very compact expressions for the linearization coefficients of the products of orthogonal polynomials; both the conventional Clebsch-Gordan-type and the modified version. The expressions are general depending…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-06-09 A. D. Alhaidari

The Motzkin numbers can be derived as coefficients of hybrid polynomials. Such an identification allows the derivation of new identities for this family of numbers and offers a tool to investigate previously unnoticed links with the theory…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Marcello Artioli , Giuseppe Dattoli , Silvia Licciardi , Simonetta Pagnutti

We study a time-non-homogeneous Markov process which arose from free probability, and which also appeared in the study of stochastic processes with linear regressions and quadratic conditional variances. Our main result is the explicit…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-09-16 Wlodek Bryc

Orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC for short) are a family of polynomials whose orthogonality is given by integration over the unit circle in the complex plane. There are combinatorial studies on the moments of various types of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Jihyeug Jang , Minho Song

We introduce the notion of a conditionally free product and conditionally free convolution. We describe this convolution both from a combinatorial point of view, by showing its connection with the lattice of non-crossing partitions, and…

funct-an · Mathematics 2008-02-03 Marek Bozejko , Michael Leinert , Roland Speicher

Decomposing tensors into orthogonal factors is a well-known task in statistics, machine learning, and signal processing. We study orthogonal outer product decompositions where the factors in the summands in the decomposition are required to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-09-13 Franz J. Király

It has been shown recently that the limit moments of $W(n)=B(n)B^{*}(n)$, where B(n) is a product of $p$ independent rectangular random matrices, are certain homogenous polynomials in the asymptotic dimensions of these matrices. Using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-06-13 Romuald Lenczewski , Rafal Salapata

One of the main applications of free probability is to show that for appropriately chosen independent copies of $d$ random matrix models, any noncommutative polynomial in these $d$ variables has a spectral distribution that converges…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Benoît Collins , Tobias Mai , Akihiro Miyagawa , Félix Parraud , Sheng Yin

We give the cumulative distribution functions, the expected values, and the moments of weighted lattice polynomials when regarded as real functions of independent random variables. Since weighted lattice polynomial functions include…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-02-19 Jean-Luc Marichal

We investigate the implications of free probability for random matrices. From rules for calculating all possible joint moments of two free random matrices, we develop a notion of partial freeness which is quantified by the breakdown of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-05-23 Jiahao Chen , Troy Van Voorhis , Alan Edelman

We construct a sequence of states called m-monotone product states which give a discrete interpolation between the monotone product of states of Muraki and the free product of states of Avitzour and Voiculescu in free probability. We derive…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-09-04 Romuald Lenczewski , Rafal Salapata

Noncrossing linked partitions arise in the study of certain transforms in free probability theory. We explore the connection between noncrossing linked partitions and colored Motzkin paths. A (3,2)-Motzkin path can be viewed as a colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-09-02 William Y. C. Chen , Carol J. Wang

Motivated by independent results of Bizley and Duchon, we study rational Dyck paths and their subset of factor-free elements. On the one hand, we give a bijection between rational Dyck paths and regular Dyck paths with ascents colored by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-26 Daniel Birmajer , Juan B. Gil , Michael D. Weiner

This paper studies partitions in the space of antimonotonic boolean functions on sets of n elements. The antimonotonic functions are the antichains of the partially ordered set of subsets. We analyse and characterise a natural partial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-16 Patrick De Causmaecker , Stefan De Wannemacker