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Gravitational waves from binary neutron star coalescences contain rich information about matter at supranuclear densities encoded by the neutron star equation of state. We can measure the equation of state by analyzing the tidal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-27 Francisco Hernandez Vivanco , Rory Smith , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky , Colm Talbot , Vivien Raymond

Gravitational waves detected from the binary neutron star (NS) merger GW170817 constrained the NS equation of state by placing an upper bound on certain parameters describing the binary's tidal interactions. We show that the interpretation…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-11 David Radice , Albino Perego , Francesco Zappa , Sebastiano Bernuzzi

The understanding of neutron star equation of state hinges on a comprehensive analysis of multi-messenger, multi-wavelength data. The recent scrutiny of PSR J0030+0451 data by NICER introduces complexities, unveiling a tension with another…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-05 Zhiqiang Miao , Liqiang Qi , Juan Zhang , Ang Li , Mingyu Ge

We present a Bayesian framework for joint and coherent analyses of multimessenger binary neutron star signals. The method, implemented in our bajes infrastructure, incorporates a joint likelihood for multiple datasets, support for various…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-04 Matteo Breschi , Rossella Gamba , Gregorio Carullo , Daniel Godzieba , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Albino Perego , David Radice

Using data from 289 numerical relativity simulations of merging binary neutron stars, we identify, for the first time, a robust quasi-universal relation connecting the postmerger peak gravitational-wave frequency and the value of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-04 Matteo Breschi , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Daniel Godzieba , Albino Perego , David Radice

As the sensitivity of the international gravitational wave detector network increases, observing binary neutron star signals will become more common. Moreover, since these signals will be louder, the chances of detecting them before their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-16 Wouter van Straalen , Alex Kolmus , Justin Janquart , Chris Van Den Broeck

Recent advancements in astrophysical observations of compact stars, particularly the new and updated NICER constraints, have provided mass-radius ($M$-$R$) data for pulsars spanning masses from 1 to $2\,M_{\odot }$. These data offer a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-29 Jia-Jie Li , Yu Tian , Armen Sedrakian

Observations of neutron-star mergers based on distinct messengers, including gravitational waves and electromagnetic signals, can be used to study the behavior of matter denser than an atomic nucleus, and to measure the expansion rate of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-22 Tim Dietrich , Michael W. Coughlin , Peter T. H. Pang , Mattia Bulla , Jack Heinzel , Lina Issa , Ingo Tews , Sarah Antier

It is currently unknown how matter behaves at the extreme densities found within the cores of neutron stars. Measurements of the neutron star equation of state probe nuclear physics that is otherwise inaccessible in a laboratory setting.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-03 Kris Walker , Rory Smith , Eric Thrane , Daniel J. Reardon

Binary neutron star (BNS) post-merger gravitational-wave emission can occur in the aftermath of a BNS merger -- provided the system avoids prompt collapse to a black hole -- as a quasistable hypermassive remnant experiences quadrupolar…

The electromagnetic (EM) signal of a binary neutron star (BNS) merger depends sensitively on the total binary mass, $M_{\rm tot}$, relative to various threshold masses set by the neutron star (NS) equation-of-state (EOS), parameterized…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-31 Ben Margalit , Brian D. Metzger

Inference of the equation-of-state (EoS) of dense nuclear matter in neutron-star cores is a principal science goal of X-ray and gravitational-wave observations of neutron stars. In particular, gravitational-wave observations provide an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-25 Rahul Kashyap , Arnab Dhani , Bangalore Sathyaprakash

Binary neutron star mergers provide a unique laboratory for studying matter under conditions that cannot be reproduced in terrestrial experiments. They probe dense matter at supranuclear density, finite temperature, rapid rotation, strong…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-27 Armen Sedrakian

We study the merger of binary neutron stars with different mass ratios adopting three different realistic, microphysical nuclear equations of state, as well as incorporating neutrino cooling effects. In particular, we concentrate on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-21 Luis Lehner , Steven L. Liebling , Carlos Palenzuela , O. L. Caballero , Evan O'Connor , Matthew Anderson , David Neilsen

Neutron star matter spans a wide range of densities, from that of nuclei at the surface to exceeding several times normal nuclear matter density in the core. While terrestrial experiments, such as nuclear or heavy-ion collision experiments,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-19 Suprovo Ghosh , Debarati Chatterjee , Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich

We search for possible correlations between neutron star observables and thermodynamic quantities that characterize high density nuclear matter. We generate a set of model-independent equations of state describing stellar matter from a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-03-04 Márcio Ferreira , M. Fortin , Tuhin Malik , B. K. Agrawal , Constança Providência

The upper bound of the speed of sound in dense nuclear matter is one of the most interesting but still unsolved problems in Nuclear Physics. Theoretical studies in connection with recent observational data of isolated neutron stars as well…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-01-27 A. Kanakis-Pegios , P. S. Koliogiannis , Ch. C. Moustakidis

Recent nonmagnetized studies of binary neutron star mergers have indicated the possibility of identifying equation of state features, such as a phase transition or a quark-hadron crossover, based on the frequency shift of the main peak in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Antonios Tsokaros , Jamie Bamber , Milton Ruiz , Stuart L. Shapiro

We perform a joint Bayesian inference of neutron-star mass and radius constraints based on GW170817, observations of quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (QLMXBs), photospheric radius expansion X-ray bursts (PREs), and X-ray timing…

We demonstrate Bayesian analyses of the complete gravitational-wave spectrum of binary neutron star mergers events with the next-generation detector Einstein Telescope. Our mock analyses are performed for 20 different signals using the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-12 Giulia Huez , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Matteo Breschi , Rossella Gamba