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We consider spectral properties of sparse sample covariance matrices, which includes biadjacency matrices of the bipartite Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph model. We prove a local law for the eigenvalue density up to the upper spectral edge. Under a…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-06 Jong Yun Hwang , Ji Oon Lee , Kevin Schnelli

For random $d$-regular graphs on $N$ vertices with $1 \ll d \ll N^{2/3}$, we develop a $d^{-1/2}$ expansion of the local eigenvalue distribution about the Kesten-McKay law up to order $d^{-3}$. This result is valid up to the edge of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-06 Roland Bauerschmidt , Jiaoyang Huang , Antti Knowles , Horng-Tzer Yau

We consider a class of sparse random matrices, which includes the adjacency matrix of Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph ${\bf G}(N,p)$. For $N^{-1+o(1)}\leq p\leq 1/2$, we show that the non-trivial edge eigenvectors are asymptotically jointly normal.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Yukun He , Jiaoyang Huang , Chen Wang

We study the problem of robustly estimating the edge density of Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs $G(n, d^\circ/n)$ when an adversary can arbitrarily add or remove edges incident to an $\eta$-fraction of the nodes. We develop the first…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Hongjie Chen , Jingqiu Ding , Yiding Hua , Stefan Tiegel

Upper exponential inequalities for the tail probabilities of the centered and normalized number of triangles in the Erd\"{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph are obtained, where the probability of every edge is fixed. The result is formulated in terms of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-21 Alexander Bystrov , Nadezhda Volodko

We study the problem of detecting local geometry in random graphs. We introduce a model $\mathcal{G}(n, p, d, k)$, where a hidden community of average size $k$ has edges drawn as a random geometric graph on $\mathbb{S}^{d-1}$, while all…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Jinho Bok , Shuangping Li , Sophie H. Yu

Anomaly detection methods are widely used but often rely on ad hoc rules or strong assumptions, and they often focus on tail events, missing ``inlier'' anomalies that occur in low-density gaps between modes. We propose a unified framework…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-11 Rob J Hyndman , David T. Frazier

We study the near-critical behavior of the sparse Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $\mathcal{G}(n,p)$ on $n\gg1$ vertices, where the connection probability $p$ satisfies $np = 1+\theta(b_n^2/n)^{1/3}$, with $n^{3/10}\ll {b_n}\ll n^{1/2}$, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Luisa Andreis , Gianmarco Bet , Maxence Phalempin

We consider the ensemble of adjacency matrices of Erd{\H o}s-R\'enyi random graphs, i.e.\ graphs on $N$ vertices where every edge is chosen independently and with probability $p \equiv p(N)$. We rescale the matrix so that its bulk…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Laszlo Erdos , Antti Knowles , Horng-Tzer Yau , Jun Yin

In an era of unprecedented deluge of (mostly unstructured) data, graphs are proving more and more useful, across the sciences, as a flexible abstraction to capture complex relationships between complex objects. One of the main challenges…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-10-17 Alaa Saade

In this paper, we asymptotically enumerate graphs with a given degree sequence d=(d_1,...,d_n) satisfying restrictions designed to permit heavy-tailed sequences in the sparse case (i.e. where the average degree is rather small). Our general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-21 Pu Gao , Nicholas Wormald

The non-asymptotic tail bounds of random variables play crucial roles in probability, statistics, and machine learning. Despite much success in developing upper bounds on tail probability in literature, the lower bounds on tail…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Anru R. Zhang , Yuchen Zhou

The canonical Ramsey theorem of Erd\H{o}s and Rado implies that for any graph $H$, any edge-coloring (with an arbitrary number of colors) of a sufficiently large complete graph $K_N$ contains a monochromatic, lexicographic, or rainbow copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Lior Gishboliner , Aleksa Milojević , Benny Sudakov , Yuval Wigderson

This paper investigates the asymptotic nature of graph spectra when some edges of a graph are subdivided sufficiently many times. In the special case where all edges of a graph are subdivided, we find the exact limits of the $k$-th largest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hanmeng Zhan

We compute the stationary in-degree probability, $P_{in}(k)$, for a growing network model with directed edges and arbitrary out-degree probability. In particular, under preferential linking, we find that if the nodes have a light tail…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-21 Daniel Fraiman

We consider the bulk eigenvalue statistics of Laplacian matrices of large Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs in the regime $p \geq N^{\delta}/N$ for any fixed $\delta >0$. We prove a local law down to the optimal scale $\eta \gtrsim N^{-1}$…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-10-22 Jiaoyang Huang , Benjamin Landon

In dense Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs, we are interested in the events where large numbers of a given subgraph occur. The mean behavior of subgraph counts is known, and only recently were the related large deviations results discovered.…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-03 Shankar Bhamidi , Jan Hannig , Chia Ying Lee , James Nolen

We characterize which local matrix structures saturate Weyl's eigenvalue perturbation bound for graph Laplacians under geometrically constrained vertex displacements. Geometric graphs with heavy-tailed vertex noise arise across sensor…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Ben Cardoen , Jeremy Budd , Enrico Amico , Ghassan Hamarneh , Fabian Spill

The $r$-expansion of a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, denoted by $H^{(+r)}$, is an $r$-uniform hypergraph obtained by enlarging each $k$-edge of $H$ with a set of $r-k$ vertices of degree one. The random Tur\'an number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Jiaxi Nie

We identify the upper large deviation probability for the number of edges in scale-free geometric random graph models as the space volume goes to infinity. Our result covers the models of scale-free percolation, the Boolean model with…