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Imitation Learning (IL) has emerged as a powerful approach in robotics, allowing robots to acquire new skills by mimicking human actions. Despite its potential, the data collection process for IL remains a significant challenge due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hamidreza Kasaei , Mohammadreza Kasaei

Current reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be brittle and difficult to use, especially when learning goal-reaching behaviors from sparse rewards. Although supervised imitation learning provides a simple and stable alternative, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Dibya Ghosh , Abhishek Gupta , Ashwin Reddy , Justin Fu , Coline Devin , Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine

Interactive Imitation Learning (IIL) is a branch of Imitation Learning (IL) where human feedback is provided intermittently during robot execution allowing an online improvement of the robot's behavior. In recent years, IIL has increasingly…

Imitation Learning (IL) is an appealing approach to learn desirable autonomous behavior. However, directing IL to achieve arbitrary goals is difficult. In contrast, planning-based algorithms use dynamics models and reward functions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Nicholas Rhinehart , Rowan McAllister , Sergey Levine

Teaching large language models (LLMs) to reason during post-training typically relies on reinforcement learning with explicit outcome- or process-based reward functions. However, in many real-world settings, obtaining or defining such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claudio Fanconi , Nicolás Astorga , Mihaela van der Schaar

This work handles the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem where only a small number of demonstrations are available from a demonstrator for each high-dimensional task, insufficient to estimate an accurate reward function. Observing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Kun Li , Joel W. Burdick

Imitation Learning (IL) has proven highly effective for robotic and control tasks where manually designing reward functions or explicit controllers is infeasible. However, standard IL methods implicitly assume that the environment dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Rishabh Agrawal , Yusuf Alvi , Rahul Jain , Ashutosh Nayyar

Imitation Learning (IL) algorithms offer an efficient way to train an agent by mimicking an expert's behavior without requiring a reward function. IL algorithms often necessitate access to state and action information from expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Returaj Burnwal , Hriday Mehta , Nirav Pravinbhai Bhatt , Balaraman Ravindran

Poor sample efficiency continues to be the primary challenge for deployment of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for real-world applications, and in particular for visuo-motor control. Model-based RL has the potential to be highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Nicklas Hansen , Yixin Lin , Hao Su , Xiaolong Wang , Vikash Kumar , Aravind Rajeswaran

Offline imitation learning (IL) promises the ability to learn performant policies from pre-collected demonstrations without interactions with the environment. However, imitating behaviors fully offline typically requires numerous expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Lantao Yu , Tianhe Yu , Jiaming Song , Willie Neiswanger , Stefano Ermon

Although deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms have made important achievements in many control tasks, they still suffer from the problems of sample inefficiency and unstable training process, which are usually caused by sparse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Ke Lin , Liang Gong , Xudong Li , Te Sun , Binhao Chen , Chengliang Liu , Zhengfeng Zhang , Jian Pu , Junping Zhang

Adversarial imitation learning (AIL), a prominent approach in imitation learning, has achieved significant practical success powered by neural network approximation. However, existing theoretical analyses of AIL are primarily confined to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tian Xu , Zhilong Zhang , Zexuan Chen , Ruishuo Chen , Yihao Sun , Yang Yu

Imitation Learning (IL), also referred to as Learning from Demonstration (LfD), holds significant promise for capturing expert motor skills through efficient imitation, facilitating adept navigation of complex scenarios. A persistent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yingbai Hu , Fares J. Abu-Dakka , Fei Chen , Xiao Luo , Zheng Li , Alois Knoll , Weiping Ding

Researchers have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in sequential decision making problems (e.g., robotics control, sequential prediction) with deep neural network models. One often has access to near-optimal oracles that achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Wen Sun , Arun Venkatraman , Geoffrey J. Gordon , Byron Boots , J. Andrew Bagnell

Imitation learning learns a policy from expert trajectories. While the expert data is believed to be crucial for imitation quality, it was found that a kind of imitation learning approach, adversarial imitation learning (AIL), can have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tian Xu , Ziniu Li , Yang Yu , Zhi-Quan Luo

The Inverse Reinforcement Learning (\textit{IRL}) problem has seen rapid evolution in the past few years, with important applications in domains like robotics, cognition, and health. In this work, we explore the inefficacy of current IRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Raeid Saqur

Autonomous driving has achieved significant progress in recent years, but autonomous cars are still unable to tackle high-risk situations where a potential accident is likely. In such near-accident scenarios, even a minor change in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Zhangjie Cao , Erdem Bıyık , Woodrow Z. Wang , Allan Raventos , Adrien Gaidon , Guy Rosman , Dorsa Sadigh

While reinforcement learning (RL) methods that learn an internal model of the environment have the potential to be more sample efficient than their model-free counterparts, learning to model raw observations from high dimensional sensors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Raj Ghugare , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

In this paper, we study the problem of obtaining a control policy that can mimic and then outperform expert demonstrations in Markov decision processes where the reward function is unknown to the learning agent. One main relevant approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Feng Tao , Yongcan Cao

Imitation learning (IL) enables autonomous behavior by learning from expert demonstrations. While more sample-efficient than comparative alternatives like reinforcement learning, IL is sensitive to compounding errors induced by distribution…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Aditya Gahlawat , Ahmed Aboudonia , Sandeep Banik , Naira Hovakimyan , Nikolai Matni , Aaron D. Ames , Gioele Zardini , Alberto Speranzon