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Related papers: Probing Channel Balances in the Lightning Network

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Today, payment paths in Bitcoin's Lightning Network are found by searching for shortest paths on the fee graph. We enhance this approach in two dimensions. Firstly, we take into account the probability of a payment actually being possible…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Rene Pickhardt , Stefan Richter

In this work we use formal verification to prove that the Lightning Network (LN), the most prominent scaling technique for Bitcoin, always safeguards the funds of honest users. We provide a custom implementation of (a simplification of) LN,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Grzegorz Fabiański , Rafał Stefański , Orfeas Stefanos Thyfronitis Litos

Off-chain transaction networks can mitigate the scalability issues of today's trustless electronic cash systems such as Bitcoin. However, these peer-to-peer networks also introduce a new attack surface which is not well-understood today.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Saar Tochner , Stefan Schmid , Aviv Zohar

The Lightning Network, known for its millisecond settlement speeds and low transaction fees, offers a compelling alternative to traditional payment processors, which often have higher fees and longer processing times. This is particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jeffy Yu

Verifying the private liquidity state of Lightning Network (LN) channels is desirable for auditors, service providers, and network participants who need assurance of financial capacity. Current methods often lack robustness against a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Vikash Singh , Barrett Little , Philip Hayes , Max Fang , Matthew Khanzadeh , Alyse Killeen , Sam Abbassi

Payment channel networks (PCN) are used in cryptocurrencies to enhance the performance and scalability of off-chain transactions. Except for opening and closing of a payment channel, no other transaction requests accepted by a PCN are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Subhra Mazumdar , Sushmita Ruj , Ram Govind Singh , Arindam Pal

The Bitcoin Lightning Network (BLN), a so-called "second layer" payment protocol, was launched in 2018 to scale up the number of transactions between Bitcoin owners. In this paper, we analyse the structure of the BLN over a period of 18…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-08 Jian-Hong Lin , Kevin Primicerio , Tiziano Squartini , Christian Decker , Claudio J. Tessone

Bitcoin, Ethereum and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, as deployed today, cannot scale for wide-spread use. A leading approach for cryptocurrency scaling is a smart contract mechanism called a payment channel which enables two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Andrew Miller , Iddo Bentov , Ranjit Kumaresan , Christopher Cordi , Patrick McCorry

The Lightning Network (LN) is one of the most promising off-chain scaling solutions for Bitcoin, as it enables off-chain payments which are not subject to the well-known blockchain scalability limit. In this work, we introduce CLoTH, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Marco Conoscenti , Antonio Vetrò , Juan Carlos De Martin , Federico Spini , Fabio Castaldo , Sebastiano Scròfina

Nodes in the Lightning Network synchronise routing information through a gossip protocol that makes use of a staggered broadcast mechanism. In this work, we show that the convergence delay in the network is larger than what would be…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Niklas Gögge , Elias Rohrer , Florian Tschorsch

The Lightning Network is the most widely used payment channel network (PCN) to date, making it an attractive attack surface for adversaries. In this paper, we analyze the Lightning Network's PCN topology and investigate its resilience…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-24 Elias Rohrer , Julian Malliaris , Florian Tschorsch

Cryptocurrency networks such as Bitcoin have emerged as a distributed alternative to traditional centralized financial transaction networks. However, there are major challenges in scaling up the throughput of such networks. Lightning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Siva Theja Maguluri

While being decentralized, secure, and reliable, Bitcoin and many other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies suffer from scalability issues. One of the promising proposals to address this problem is off-chain payment channels. Since, not all…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Soheil Zibakhsh Shabgahi , Seyed Mahdi Hosseini , Seyed Pooya Shariatpanahi , Behnam Bahrak

Blockchains are decentralized and immutable databases that are shared among the nodes of the network. Although blockchains have attracted a great scale of attention in the recent years by disrupting the traditional financial systems, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Goshgar Ismayilov , Can Ozturan

The fundamental building blocks of the Bitcoin lightning network are bidirectional payment channels. We describe an extension of payment channels in the Proofgold network which allow the two parties to bet on whether a proposition will be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chad E. Brown , Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have made payment transactions possible without a trusted third party, but they have a scalability issue due to their consensus mechanisms. Payment networks have emerged to overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Junmo Lee , Seongjun Kim , Sanghyeon Park , Soo-Mook Moon

Payment channel networks (PCNs) enhance the scalability of blockchains by allowing parties to conduct transactions off-chain, i.e, without broadcasting every transaction to all blockchain participants. To conduct transactions, a sender and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Oğuzhan Ersoy , Jérémie Decouchant , Satwik Prabhu Kimble , Stefanie Roos

Network embedding represents network nodes by a low-dimensional informative vector. While it is generally effective for various downstream tasks, it may leak some private information of networks, such as hidden private links. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Xiao Han , Leye Wang , Junjie Wu , Yuncong Yang

Payment channel networks (PCNs) are among the most promising solutions to the scalability issues in permissionless blockchains, by allowing parties to pay each other off-chain through a path of payment channels (PCs). However, routing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Lukas Aumayr , Esra Ceylan , Yannik Kopyciok , Matteo Maffei , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Iosif Salem , Stefan Schmid

Resource-constrained devices are unable to maintain a full copy of the Bitcoin Blockchain in memory. This paper proposes a bidirectional payment channel framework for IoT devices. This framework utilizes Bitcoin Lightning-Network-like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Christopher Hannon , Dong Jin