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Ensuring correctness of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an extremely challenging task that is in practice often addressed with simulation based testing. Formal specification languages, such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL), are used to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Ezio Bartocci , Roderick Bloem , Benedikt Maderbacher , Niveditha Manjunath , Dejan Ničković

Sign-Perturbed Sums (SPS) is a system identification method that constructs confidence regions for the unknown system parameters. In this paper, we study SPS for ARX systems, and establish that the confidence regions are guaranteed to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-20 Algo Carè , Erik Weyer , Balázs Cs. Csáji , Marco C. Campi

Cyber-Physical Systems~(CPS) consist of collaborative, networked and tightly intertwined computational (logical) and physical components, each operating at different spatial and temporal scales. Hence, the spatial and temporal requirements…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Ezio Bartocci , Luca Bortolussi , Michele Loreti , Laura Nenzi

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Johannes Mäkelburg , Diego Perez-Palacin , Raffaela Mirandola , Maribel Acosta

Machine learning components such as deep neural networks are used extensively in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). However, such components may introduce new types of hazards that can have disastrous consequences and need to be addressed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Dimitrios Boursinos , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Failures in safety-critical Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), both software and hardware-related, can lead to severe incidents impacting physical infrastructure or even harming humans. As a result, extensive simulations and field tests need to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ankit Agrawal , Philipp Zech , Michael Vierhauser

Autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) can improve safety and efficiency for safety-critical applications, but require rigorous testing before deployment. The complexity of these systems often precludes the use of formal verification and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Anthony Corso , Robert J. Moss , Mark Koren , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

This research leverages Conformal Prediction (CP) in the form of Conformal Predictive Systems (CPS) to accurately estimate uncertainty in a suite of machine learning (ML)-based radio metric models [1] as well as in a 2-D map-based ML path…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Alexis Bose , Jonathan Ethier , Ryan G. Dempsey , Yifeng Qiu

In Model-Based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), it is often desirable to develop several models of varying fidelity. Models of different fidelity levels can enable mathematical analysis of the model, control synthesis, faster…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-06-03 Houssam Abbas , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , James Kapinski , Koichi Ueda

We are interested in predicting failures of cyber-physical systems during their operation. Particularly, we consider stochastic systems and signal temporal logic specifications, and we want to calculate the probability that the current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Lars Lindemann , Xin Qin , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , George J. Pappas

Due to major breakthroughs in software and engineering technologies, embedded systems are increasingly being utilized in areas ranging from aerospace and next-generation transportation systems, to smart grid and smart cities, to health care…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Adnan Rashid , Umair Siddique , Sofiene Tahar

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely recognized formal specification language to express rigorous temporal requirements on mixed analog signals produced by cyber-physical systems (CPS). A relevant problem in CPS design is how to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Beatrice Melani , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

We propose a new system identification method, called Sign-Perturbed Sums (SPS), for constructing non-asymptotic confidence regions under mild statistical assumptions. SPS is introduced for linear regression models, including but not…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-24 Balázs Cs. Csáji , Marco C. Campi , Erik Weyer

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) inference learns interpretable logical rules for temporal behaviors in dynamical systems. To ensure the correctness of learned STL formulas, recent approaches have incorporated conformal prediction as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yixuan Wang , Danyang Li , Matthew Cleaveland , Roberto Tron , Mingyu Cai

The integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) into everyday life raises the critical necessity of ensuring their safety and reliability. An important step in this direction is requirement mining, i.e. inferring formally specified system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Achieving safe control under uncertainty is a key problem that needs to be tackled for enabling real-world autonomous robots and cyber-physical systems. This paper introduces Probabilistic Safety Programs (PSP) that embed both the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Ashish Kapoor , Debadeepta Dey , Shital Shah

Cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as automotive systems, are starting to include sophisticated machine learning (ML) components. Their correctness, therefore, depends on properties of the inner ML modules. While learning algorithms aim to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Tommaso Dreossi , Alexandre Donzé , Sanjit A. Seshia

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) with reinforcement learning (RL)-based controllers are increasingly being deployed in complex physical environments such as autonomous vehicles, the Internet-of-Things(IoT), and smart cities. An important…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-26 Changjian Zhang , Parv Kapoor , Eunsuk Kang , Romulo Meira-Goes , David Garlan , Akila Ganlath , Shatadal Mishra , Nejib Ammar

Transaction-level modeling with SystemC has been very successful in describing the behavior of embedded systems by providing high-level executable models, in which many of them have inherent probabilistic behaviors, e.g., random data and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Van Chan Ngo , Axel Legay

Providing guarantees on the safe operation of robots against edge cases is challenging as testing methods such as traditional Monte-Carlo require too many samples to provide reasonable statistics. Built upon recent advancements in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Guy Scher , Sadra Sadraddini , Ariel Yadin , Hadas Kress-Gazit