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Over the past decade, deep learning has revolutionized conventional tasks that rely on hand-craft feature extraction with its strong feature learning capability, leading to substantial enhancements in traditional tasks. However, deep neural…

In recent years, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have had a dramatic impact on a variety of problems that were long considered very difficult, e. g., image classification and automatic language translation to name just a few. The accuracy of…

Chest X-ray is the most common test among medical imaging modalities. It is applied for detection and differentiation of, among others, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, the last with importance due to the COVID-19 disease.…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in various tasks (e.g., image classification, speech recognition, and natural language processing (NLP)). However, researchers have demonstrated that DNN-based models are…

Multi-Classification Chest X-Ray Images are one of the most prevalent forms of radiological examination used for diagnosing thoracic diseases. In this study, we offer a concise overview of several methods employed for tackling this task,…

Deep Neural Networks are well known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks and backdoor attacks, where minor modifications on the input are able to mislead the models to give wrong results. Although defenses against adversarial attacks…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have accomplished impressive success in various applications, including autonomous driving perception tasks, in recent years. On the other hand, current deep neural networks are easily fooled by adversarial…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved significant performance in various tasks. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs can be easily fooled by small perturbation on the input, called adversarial attacks. As the extensions of DNNs…

Machine learning (ML) is a rapidly developing area of medicine that uses significant resources to apply computer science and statistics to medical issues. ML's proponents laud its capacity to handle vast, complicated, and erratic medical…

In the past few years, it has become increasingly evident that deep neural networks are not resilient enough to withstand adversarial perturbations in input data, leaving them vulnerable to attack. Various authors have proposed strong…

Under the epidemic of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), chest X-ray computed tomography imaging is being used for effectively screening COVID-19 patients. The development of computer-aided systems based on deep neural networks…

Identifying and locating diseases in chest X-rays are very challenging, due to the low visual contrast between normal and abnormal regions, and distortions caused by other overlapping tissues. An interesting phenomenon is that there exist…

Imaging exams, such as chest radiography, will yield a small set of common findings and a much larger set of uncommon findings. While a trained radiologist can learn the visual presentation of rare conditions by studying a few…

Powerful adversarial attack methods are vital for understanding how to construct robust deep neural networks (DNNs) and for thoroughly testing defense techniques. In this paper, we propose a black-box adversarial attack algorithm that can…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to have a fundamental sensitivity to adversarial attacks, perturbations of the input that are imperceptible to humans yet powerful enough to change the visual decision of a model. Adversarial attacks…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly applied in the real world in safety critical applications like advanced driver assistance systems. An example for such use case is represented by traffic sign recognition systems. At the same…

The chest X-ray is often utilized for diagnosing common thoracic diseases. In recent years, many approaches have been proposed to handle the problem of automatic diagnosis based on chest X-rays. However, the scarcity of labeled data for…

Deep neural networks (DNNs)-powered Electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis systems recently achieve promising progress to take over tedious examinations by cardiologists. However, their vulnerability to adversarial attacks still lack…

Medical imaging has been used for diagnosis of various conditions, making it one of the most powerful resources for effective patient care. Due to widespread availability, low cost, and low radiation, chest X-ray is one of the most sought…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) for medical images are extremely vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs), which poses security concerns on clinical decision making. Luckily, medical AEs are also easy to detect in hierarchical feature space per…