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Related papers: Revisiting Over-smoothing in Deep GCNs

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Graphs are useful for representing various realworld objects. However, graph neural networks (GNNs) tend to suffer from over-smoothing, where the representations of nodes of different classes become similar as the number of layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Jun Kato , Airi Mita , Keita Gobara , Akihiro Inokuchi

The relationship between Layer Normalization (LN) placement and the oversmoothing phenomenon remains underexplored. We identify a critical dilemma: Pre-LN architectures avoid oversmoothing but suffer from the curse of depth, while Post-LN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Weiqi Guan , Junlin He

The over-smoothing problem is an obstacle of developing deep graph neural network (GNN). Although many approaches to improve the over-smoothing problem have been proposed, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding and conclusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Weichen Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Congying Han , Tiande Guo

With the tremendous success of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), they have been widely applied to recommender systems and have shown promising performance. However, most GCN-based methods rigorously stick to a common GCN learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Shaowen Peng , Kazunari Sugiyama , Tsunenori Mine

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently achieved great empirical success in learning graph-structured data. To address its scalability issue due to the recursive embedding of neighboring features, graph topology sampling has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hongkang Li , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Jinjun Xiong

Hyperbolic graph convolutional networks (HGCNs) have demonstrated significant potential in extracting information from hierarchical graphs. However, existing HGCNs are limited to shallow architectures due to the computational expense of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jiaxu Liu , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great potential in graph data analysis due to their powerful representation capabilities. However, as the network depth increases, the issue of over-smoothing becomes more severe, causing node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kaichen Ouyang

We analyze graph smoothing with \emph{mean aggregation}, where each node successively receives the average of the features of its neighbors. Indeed, it has quickly been observed that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generally follow some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Nicolas Keriven

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with the powerful capacity to explore graph-structural data has gained noticeable success in recent years. Nonetheless, most of the existing GCN-based models suffer from the notorious over-smoothing issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Zhaoliang Chen , Zhihao Wu , Zhenghong Lin , Shiping Wang , Claudia Plant , Wenzhong Guo

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been employed as a kind of significant tool on many graph-based applications recently. Inspired by convolutional neural networks (CNNs), GCNs generate the embeddings of nodes by aggregating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Tao Huang , Yihan Zhang , Jiajing Wu , Junyuan Fang , Zibin Zheng

Graph Convolution Networks (GCNs) manifest great potential in recommendation. This is attributed to their capability on learning good user and item embeddings by exploiting the collaborative signals from the high-order neighbors. Like other…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Fan Liu , Zhiyong Cheng , Lei Zhu , Zan Gao , Liqiang Nie

A long-standing goal in deep learning has been to characterize the learning behavior of black-box models in a more interpretable manner. For graph neural networks (GNNs), considerable advances have been made in formalizing what functions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Chenxiao Yang , Qitian Wu , David Wipf , Ruoyu Sun , Junchi Yan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are models that leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing operation. While widely successful, this approach is well known to suffer from the…

Graph convolution networks (GCN) are increasingly popular in many applications, yet remain notoriously hard to train over large graph datasets. They need to compute node representations recursively from their neighbors. Current GCN training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Yuning You , Tianlong Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Yang Shen

Residual connections and normalization layers have become standard design choices for graph neural networks (GNNs), and were proposed as solutions to the mitigate the oversmoothing problem in GNNs. However, how exactly these methods help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Michael Scholkemper , Xinyi Wu , Ali Jadbabaie , Michael T. Schaub

In this work, we generalize the ideas of Kaiming initialization to Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and propose a new scheme (G-Init) that reduces oversmoothing, leading to very good results in node and graph classification tasks. GNNs are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dimitrios Kelesis , Dimitris Fotakis , Georgios Paliouras

Clustering techniques attempt to group objects with similar properties into a cluster. Clustering the nodes of an attributed graph, in which each node is associated with a set of feature attributes, has attracted significant attention.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Chaojie Ji , Hongwei Chen , Ruxin Wang , Yunpeng Cai , Hongyan Wu

Graph convolutional network (GCN) is a powerful model studied broadly in various graph structural data learning tasks. However, to mitigate the over-smoothing phenomenon, and deal with heterogeneous graph structural data, the design of GCN…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Jia Cai , Zhilong Xiong , Shaogao Lv

Oversmoothing is a common phenomenon in a wide range of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Transformers, where performance worsens as the number of layers increases. Instead of characterizing oversmoothing from the view of complete collapse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Xiaojun Guo , Yifei Wang , Tianqi Du , Yisen Wang

Jumping connections enable Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to overcome over-smoothing, while graph sparsification reduces computational demands by selecting a sub-matrix of the graph adjacency matrix during neighborhood aggregation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Jiawei Sun , Hongkang Li , Meng Wang