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This review analysis presents a comprehensive exploration of energy flexibility in modern power systems. It examines the roles and mechanisms of flexible technologies across three main categories: generators, energy storage systems (ESS),…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-21 Jesus Silva-Rodriguez , Tianxia Zhao , Ran Mo , Xingpeng Li

Flexible load at the demand-side has been regarded as an effective measure to cope with volatile distributed renewable generations. To unlock the demand-side flexibility, this paper proposes a peer-to-peer energy sharing mechanism that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-09 Yue Chen , Wei Wei , Mingxuan Li , Laijun Chen , João P. S. Catalão

The recent rise of renewable energy produced by many decentralized sources yields interesting market design challenges for electrical grids. Balancing supply and demand in such networks is both a temporal and spatial challenge due to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Simon Krogmann , Pascal Lenzner , Alexander Skopalik , Tobias Sträubig

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources introduces significant challenges to power grid stability, primarily due to their inherent variability. A new opportunity for grid operation is the smart integration of electricity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Janik Pinter , Frederik Zahn , Maximilian Beichter , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer

A large fraction of the total electric load is comprised of end-use devices whose demand for energy is inherently deferrable in time. Of interest is the potential to leverage on such latent flexibility in demand to absorb variability in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-23 Eilyan Bitar , Yunjian Xu

The widespread diffusion of distributed energy resources, especially those based on renewable energy, and energy storage devices has deeply modified power systems. As a consequence, demand response, the ability of customers to respond to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-21 Francesco Conte , Matteo Saviozzi , Samuele Grillo

A coordinated trading process is proposed as a design for an electricity market with significant uncertainty, perhaps from renewables. In this process, groups of agents propose to the system operator (SO) a contingent buy and sell trade…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-28 Junjie Qin , Ram Rajagopal , Pravin Varaiya

The rapid uptake of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid leads to a demand in load shaping and flexibility. Energy storage devices such as batteries are a key element to provide solutions to these tasks. However, typically a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-16 Philipp Sauerteig , Karl Worthmann

Demand-side management presents significant benefits in reducing the energy load in smart grids by balancing consumption demands or including energy generation and/or storage devices in the user's side. These techniques coordinate the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-06 Javier Zazo , Santiago Zazo , Sergio Valcarcel Macua

Local electricity markets offer a promising solution for integrating renewable energy sources and other distributed energy resources (DERs) into distribution networks. These markets enable the effective utilization of flexible resources by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Niloofar Pourghaderi , Milad Kabirifar , Payman Dehghanian

A number of governments and organizations around the world agree that the first step to address national and international problems such as energy independence, global warming or emergency resilience, is the redesign of electricity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Marıa Arenas-Martınez , Sergio Herrero-Lopez , Abel Sanchez , John R. Williams , Paul Roth , Paul Hofmann , Alexander Zeier

The growing penetration of renewable generation in distribution networks, primarily deployed by end-use electricity customers, is changing the traditional load profile and inevitably makes supply-load balancing more challenging for grid…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Alireza Majzoobi , Mohsen Mahoor , Amin Khodaei

An important scenario for smart grids which encompass distributed electrical networks is given by the simultaneous presence of aggregators and individual consumers. In this work, an aggregator is seen as an entity (a coalition) which is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-25 Olivier Beaude , Cheng Wan , Samson Lasaulce

Demand response provides utilities with a mechanism to share with end users the stochasticity resulting from the use of renewable sources. Pricing is accordingly used to reflect energy availability, to allocate such a limited resource to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Andrea Monacchi , Wilfried Elmenreich

This paper proposes a general and practical approach to estimate the economic benefits of optimally controlling deferrable loads in a Distribution System Operator's (DSO) grid, without relying on historical observations. We achieve this by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Lorenzo Nespoli , Vasco Medici

With the development of the smart grid concept and the increasing expansion of advanced communication and measurement equipment, consumers can actively participate in the power system operation. The intelligent use of these facilities…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-07 Mohammad Panahazari , Minoo Mohebbifar , Vahid Nazari Farsani , Mahmoud-Reza Haghifam

Higher penetration of renewable generation will increase the demand for adequate (and cost-effective) controllable resources on the grid that can mitigate and contain the contingencies locally before it can cause a network-wide collapse.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Draguna Vrabie , Karan Kalsi , Jianming Lian

We present modeling and analysis of day-ahead spatio-temporal energy markets in which each competitive aggregator aims at making the highest profit by managing a complex mixture of different energy resources, such as conventional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-23 Takayuki Ishizaki , Masakazu Koike , Nobuyuki Yamaguchi , Yuzuru Ueda , Jun-ichi Imura

This paper proposes online algorithms for dynamic matching markets in power distribution systems, which at any real-time operation instance decides about matching -- or delaying the supply of -- flexible loads with available renewable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-17 Deepan Muthirayan , Masood Parvania , Pramod P. Khargonekar

This paper presents a load switching group based energy management system (LSG-EMS) for operating microgrids on a distribution feeder powered by one or multiple grid-forming distributed energy resources. Loads on a distribution feeder are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-02 Rongxing Hu , Yiyan Li , Si Zhang , Ashwin Shirsat , Valliappan Muthukaruppan , Wenyuan Tang , Mesut Baran , David Lubkeman , Ning Lu