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Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

Understanding fault-tolerant properties of quantum circuits is important for the design of large-scale quantum information processors. In particular, simulating properties of encoded circuits is a crucial tool for investigating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Easwar Magesan , Daniel Puzzuoli , Christopher E. Granade , David G. Cory

Noise in quantum operations often negates the advantage of quantum computation. However, most classical simulations of quantum computers calculate the ideal probability amplitudes either storing full state vectors or using sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-18 Shigeo Hakkaku , Keisuke Fujii

The successful implementation of algorithms on quantum processors relies on the accurate control of quantum bits (qubits) to perform logic gate operations. In this era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, systematic…

One of the greatest challenges for current quantum computing hardware is how to obtain reliable results from noisy devices. A recent paper [A. Kandala et al., Nature 567, 491 (2019)] described a method for injecting noise by stretching gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Sam Tomkins , Rogério de Sousa

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the number of controllable hardware qubits is insufficient to implement quantum error correction (QEC). As an alternative, quantum error mitigation (QEM) can suppress errors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Quantum error mitigation is a critical technology for extracting reliable computations from noisy quantum processors, proving itself essential not only in the near term but also as a valuable supplement to fully fault-tolerant systems in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Dayue Qin , Ying Li , You Zhou

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

The fundamental problem of the transition from quantum to classical physics is usually explained by decoherence, and viewed as a gradual process. The study of entanglement, or quantum correlations, in noisy quantum computers implies that in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Dorit Aharonov

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers have gate errors and decoherence, limiting the depth of circuits that can be implemented on them. A strategy for NISQ algorithms is to reduce the circuit depth at the expense of increasing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-09 Yigit Subasi , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

We present a framework that utilizes quantum algorithms, an architecture aware quantum noise model and an ideal simulator to benchmark quantum computers. The benchmark metrics highlight the difference between the quantum computer evolution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-20 Konstantinos Georgopoulos , Clive Emary , Paolo Zuliani

We present a novel method for simulating the noisy behaviour of quantum computers, which allows to efficiently incorporate environmental effects in the driven evolution implementing the gates acting on the qubits. We show how to modify the…

Noisy computation and reversible computation have been studied separately, and it is known that they are as powerful as unrestricted computation. We study the case where both noise and reversibility are combined and show that the combined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Aharonov , M. Ben-Or , R. Impagliazzo , N. Nisan

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) have been extensively researched for applications in Quantum Machine Learning (QML), Optimization, and Molecular simulations. Although designed for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, VQAs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Aakash Ravindra Shinde , Arianne Meijer - van de Griend , Jukka K. Nurminen

Learning unknown processes affecting a quantum system reveals underlying physical mechanisms and enables suppression, mitigation, and correction of unwanted effects. Describing a general quantum process requires an exponentially large…

It is one of the most fundamental objectives in quantum information science to understand the boundary between the computational power of classical and quantum computers. One possible avenue to explore this boundary is to identify classes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Christophe Piveteau

We investigate the potential of combining the computational power of noisy quantum computers and of classical scalable convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The goal is to accurately predict exact expectation values of parameterized quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Simone Cantori , Andrea Mari , David Vitali , Sebastiano Pilati

Random quantum circuit is a minimally structured model to study the entanglement dynamics of many-body quantum systems. In this paper, we considered a one-dimensional quantum circuit with noisy Haar-random unitary gates using density matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Qi Zhang , Guang-Ming Zhang