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Active metasurfaces enable dynamic control of light for applications in beam steering, pixelated holography, and adaptive optics, but demonstrations of two-dimensional (2D) electrically addressable arrays have so far been limited. Here we…
It is well-known how to control the spatial output from a laser, with most solutions to date involving customised intra-cavity elements in the form of apertures, diffractive optics and free-form mirrors. These optical elements require…
We demonstrate a simple and cost-efficient scanning confocal microscope setup for use in advanced instructional physics laboratories. The setup is constructed from readily available commercial products, and the implementation of a…
In recent time there has been an increasing amount of interest in developing novel techniques for the generation of complex vector light beams. Amongst these, digital holography stands out as one of the most flexible and versatile with…
Fast, reprogrammable control over the transverse structure of light beams plays an essential role in applications such as structured illumination microscopy, optical trapping, and quantum information processing. Existing technologies, such…
Spatio-temporal shaping of electron beams is a bold frontier in electron microscopy, enabling new routes toward spatial-resolution enhancement, selective probing, low-dose imaging and faster data acquisition. Over the last decade, shaping…
Complex vector light modes with a spatial variant polarization distribution have become topical of late, enabling the development of novel applications in numerous research fields. Key to this is the remarkable similarities they hold with…
Spatial light modulators are widely used to perform modulations of different properties of the electromagnetic field. In this work, a simple optimization method for general double-pass setups was developed. It takes into account the…
We present a powerful and cost-effective method for active illumination using a digital micromirror device (DMD) for quantitative phase imaging techniques. Displaying binary illumination patterns on a DMD with appropriate spatial filtering,…
Binary amplitude spatial light modulators, such as digital micromirror devices (DMDs), are increasingly relevant for computer generated holography due to their high refresh rates, low cost, and due to the emergence of subwavelength pixel…
A spatial light modulator (SLM) is one of the most useful and convenient device to generate structural light beams such as twisted light and complexed images used in modern optical science. The unbounded dimension of twisted light makes it…
Complex vector modes of light, non-separable in their spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom, are revolutionising a wide variety of research fields. It is therefore not surprising that the generation techniques have evolved quite…
Spatial light modulators are versatile devices employed in a vast range of applications to modify the transverse phase or amplitude profile of an incident light beam. Most experiments are designed to use a specific polarization which…
The wavefront measurement of a light beam is a complex task, which often requires a series of spatially resolved intensity measurements. For instance, a detector array may be used to measure the local phase gradient in the transverse plane…
We report a technique for encoding both amplitude and phase variations onto a laser beam using a single digital micro-mirror device (DMD). Using this technique, we generate Laguerre-Gaussian and vortex orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes,…
Delivering light to an object is one of the key steps in any imaging exercise. Tools such as LEDs and lasers are available to achieve this. These components are integrated into systems such as microscopy, medical imaging, remote sensing,…
Spatial light modulators (SLMs) are devices for modulating amplitude, phase or polarization of a light beam on demand. Such devices have been playing an indispensable inuence in many areas from our daily entertainments to scientific…
Many emerging reconfigurable optical systems are limited by routing complexity when producing dynamic, two-dimensional (2D) electric fields. Using a gradient-based inverse designed, static phase-mask doublet, we propose an optical system to…
Structured light is a key component of many modern applications, ranging from superresolution microscopy to imaging, sensing, and quantum information processing. As the utilization of these powerful tools continues to spread, the demand for…
Phase-only spatial light modulators (SLMs) are used in optical systems for several purposes. In this article, the main landmarks of SLM-based imaging systems are surveyed. In addition to conventional two-dimensional imaging, these systems…