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We study mean field games and corresponding $N$-player games in continuous time over a finite time horizon where the position of each agent belongs to a finite state space. As opposed to previous works on finite state mean field games, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-01 Alekos Cecchin , Markus Fischer

In this tutorial, we provide an introduction to machine learning methods for finding Nash equilibria in games with large number of agents. These types of problems are important for the operations research community because of their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Gokce Dayanikli , Mathieu Lauriere

We introduce a mean field model for optimal holding of a representative agent of her peers as a natural expected scaling limit from the corresponding $N-$agent model. The induced mean field dynamics appear naturally in a form which is not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Mao Fabrice Djete , Nizar Touzi

This paper studies partially observable two-person zero-sum semi-Markov games under a probability criterion, in which the system state may not be completely observed. It focuses on the probability that the accumulated rewards of player 1…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Xin Wen , Li Xia , Zhihui Yu

Mean field game equilibria are predicated on the assumption of immediate pairwise interactions within a population of homogeneous agents with asymptotically vanishing influence as population size increases. However, in many real-world…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Farid Rajabali , Roland Malhame , Sadegh Bolouki

We consider a general class of finite-player stochastic games with mean-field interaction, in which the linear-quadratic cost functional includes linear operators acting on controls in $L^2$. We propose a novel approach for deriving the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-16 Eduardo Abi Jaber , Eyal Neuman , Moritz Voß

This paper proposes and studies a class of discrete-time finite-time-horizon Stackelberg mean-field games, with one leader and an infinite number of identical and indistinguishable followers. In this game, the objective of the leader is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-11 Xin Guo , Anran Hu , Jiacheng Zhang

In this work, we systematically investigate mean field games and mean field type control problems with multiple populations using a coupled system of forward-backward stochastic differential equations of McKean-Vlasov type stemming from…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Masaaki Fujii

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

In this paper, we investigate the robustness of stationary mean-field equilibria in the presence of model uncertainties, specifically focusing on infinite-horizon discounted cost functions. To achieve this, we initially establish…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Uğur Aydın , Naci Saldi

This paper studies an asset pricing model in a partially observable market with a large number of heterogeneous agents using the mean field game theory. In this model, we assume that investors can only observe stock prices and must infer…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2025-04-02 Masashi Sekine

We consider a class of dynamic collective choice models with social interactions, whereby a large number of non-uniform agents have to individually settle on one of multiple discrete alternative choices, with the relevance of their would-be…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Rabih Salhab , Roland P. Malhamé , Jerome Le Ny

We propose and investigate a discrete-time mean field game model involving risk-averse agents. The model under study is a coupled system of dynamic programming equations with a Kolmogorov equation. The agents' risk aversion is modeled by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-29 J. Frédéric Bonnans , Pierre Lavigne , Laurent Pfeiffer

The use of game theoretic methods for control in multiagent systems has been an important topic in recent research. Valid utility games in particular have been used to model real-world problems; such games have the convenient property that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-16 David Grimsman , Philip N. Brown , Jason R. Marden

Mean-field games (MFG) were introduced to efficiently analyze approximate Nash equilibria in large population settings. In this work, we consider entropy-regularized mean-field games with a finite state-action space in a discrete time…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yue Guan , Mi Zhou , Ali Pakniyat , Panagiotis Tsiotras

A general class of mean field games are considered where the governing dynamics are controlled diffusions in $\mathbb{R}^d$. The optimization criterion is the long time average of a running cost function. Under various sets of hypotheses,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-08-21 Ari Arapostathis , Anup Biswas , Johnson Carroll

The purpose of this paper is to provide a complete probabilistic analysis of a large class of stochastic differential games for which the interaction between the players is of mean-field type. We implement the Mean-Field Games strategy…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-23 Rene Carmona , Francois Delarue

This work considers stochastic differential games with a large number of players, whose costs and dynamics interact through the empirical distribution of both their states and their controls. We develop a new framework to prove convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-24 Mathieu Laurière , Ludovic Tangpi

Independent learners are agents that employ single-agent algorithms in multi-agent systems, intentionally ignoring the effect of other strategic agents. This paper studies mean-field games from a decentralized learning perspective, with two…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Bora Yongacoglu , Gürdal Arslan , Serdar Yüksel

This paper studies the connection between a class of mean-field games and a social welfare optimization problem. We consider a mean-field game in function spaces with a large population of agents, and each agent seeks to minimize an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-15 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Lin Zhao