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A complex network is a condensed representation of the relational topological framework of a complex system. A main reason for the existence of such networks is the transmission of items through the entities of these complex systems. Here,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-18 María Pereda , Ernesto Estrada

Network or graph structures are ubiquitous in the study of complex systems. Often, we are interested in complexity trends of these system as it evolves under some dynamic. An example might be looking at the complexity of a food web as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-16 Russell K. Standish

Being cognizant of the abundance of multi-body interactions in various complex systems, here we investigate a possible way to incorporate multi-body interactions in dynamical networks. Adopting hypergraph as the underlying architecture aids…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Anirban Banerjee , Samiron Parui

Complex systems are often driven by higher-order interactions among multiple units, naturally represented as hypergraphs. Understanding dependency structures within these hypergraphs is crucial for understanding and predicting the behavior…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-29 John Hood , Caterina De Bacco , Aaron Schein

The complexity of many biological, social and technological systems stems from the richness of the interactions among their units. Over the past decades, a great variety of complex systems has been successfully described as networks whose…

This work seeks to tackle the inherent complexity of dataspaces by introducing a novel data structure that can represent datasets across multiple levels of abstraction, ranging from local to global. We propose the concept of a multilevel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Marco Caputo , Michele Russo , Emanuela Merelli

We demonstrate that graph-based models are fully capable of representing higher-order interactions, and have a long history of being used for precisely this purpose. This stands in contrast to a common claim in the recent literature on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-20 Tiago P. Peixoto , Leto Peel , Thilo Gross , Manlio De Domenico

Leveraging hypergraph structures to model advanced processes has gained much attention over the last few years in many areas, ranging from protein-interaction in computational biology to image retrieval using machine learning. Hypergraph…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Maximilian T. Fischer , Alexander Frings , Daniel A. Keim , Daniel Seebacher

Network science has become a powerful tool to describe the structure and dynamics of real-world complex physical, biological, social, and technological systems. Largely built on empirical observations to tackle heterogeneous, temporal, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-28 Gerardo Iñiguez , Federico Battiston , Márton Karsai

Multilayer network science has emerged as a central framework for analysing interconnected and interdependent complex systems. Its relevance has grown substantially with the increasing availability of rich, heterogeneous data, which makes…

Complex systems are characterized by many interacting units that give rise to emergent behavior. A particularly advantageous way to study these systems is through the analysis of the networks that encode the interactions among the system's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-03-21 Alberto Aleta , Yamir Moreno

The mathematical formalisms used to model biological systems induce both latent and ambiguous assumptions that can limit or distort their representational capabilities. Developing formalisms that can represent systems more precisely is…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-25 Léo Diaz , Sean T. Vittadello , Michael P. H. Stumpf

Topological metrics of graphs provide a natural way to describe the prominent features of various types of networks. Graph metrics describe the structure and interplay of graph edges and have found applications in many scientific fields. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Loukianos Spyrou , Javier Escudero

We establish a new theory which gives a unified topological approach to data science, by being applicable both to point cloud data and to graph data, including networks beyond pairwise interactions. We generalize simplicial complexes and…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2021-04-01 Jelena Grbić , Jie Wu , Kelin Xia , Guo-Wei Wei

Networks have in recent years emerged as an invaluable tool for describing and quantifying complex systems in many branches of science. Recent studies suggest that networks often exhibit hierarchical organization, where vertices divide into…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2008-11-05 Aaron Clauset , Cristopher Moore , M. E. J. Newman

Most complex systems can be captured by graphs or networks. Networks connect nodes (e.g.\ neurons) through edges (synapses), thus summarizing the system's structure. A popular way of interrogating graphs is community detection, which…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-23 Luis F Seoane

Hypergraphs offer an explicit formalism to describe multibody interactions in complex systems. To connect dynamics and function in systems with these higher-order interactions, network scientists have generalised random-walk models to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-02 Anton Eriksson , Daniel Edler , Alexis Rojas , Martin Rosvall

A network can be analyzed at different topological scales, ranging from single nodes to motifs, communities, up to the complete structure. We propose a novel intermediate-level topological analysis that considers non-overlapping subgraphs…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lucas Antiqueira , Luciano da Fontoura Costa

In real-world systems, the relationships and connections between components are highly complex. Real systems are often described as networks, where nodes represent objects in the system and edges represent relationships or connections…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-06-24 Shen Zhang

Hypergraphs are useful mathematical models for describing complex relationships among members of a structured graph, while hyperdigraphs serve as a generalization that can encode asymmetric relationships in the data. However, obtaining…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-04-10 Dong Chen , Jian Liu , Jie Wu , Guo-Wei Wei