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We initiate the study of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in the presence of counting quantifiers, which may be seen as variants of CSPs in the mould of quantified CSPs (QCSPs). We show that a single counting quantifier strictly…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-12-14 Florent Madelaine , Barnaby Martin , Juraj Stacho

Parameterized complexity enables the practical solution of generally intractable NP-hard problems when certain parameters are small, making it particularly useful in real-world applications. The study of string problems in this framework…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Josh Cudby , Sergii Strelchuk

The Feder-Vardi dichotomy conjecture for Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) with finite templates, confirmed independently by Bulatov and Zhuk, has an extension to certain well-behaved infinite templates due to Bodirsky and Pinsker…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Michael Pinsker , Jakub Rydval , Moritz Schöbi , Christoph Spiess , Paul Winkler

In this paper we study the complexity of counting Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) of the form #CSP($\mathcal{C}$,-), in which the goal is, given a relational structure $\mathbf{A}$ from a class $\mathcal{C}$ of structures and an…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Andrei A. Bulatov , Stanislav Zivny

We give a complexity dichotomy theorem for the counting Constraint Satisfaction Problem (#CSP in short) with complex weights. To this end, we give three conditions for its tractability. Let F be any finite set of complex-valued functions,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen

In the last two decades the study of random instances of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) has flourished across several disciplines, including computer science, mathematics and physics. The diversity of the developed methods, on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-02 Konstantinos Panagiotou , Matija Pasch

The classifications of temporal and phylogeny constraint languages stand among the most seminal complexity classifications within infinite-domain Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs), yet remain the most mysterious in terms of algorithms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Johanna Brunar , Michael Pinsker , Moritz Schöbi

Many researchers in artificial intelligence are beginning to explore the use of soft constraints to express a set of (possibly conflicting) problem requirements. A soft constraint is a function defined on a collection of variables which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-07-04 D. Cohen , M. Cooper , P. Jeavons , A. Krokhin

The secret protection problem (SPP) seeks to synthesize a minimum-cost policy ensuring that every execution from an initial state to a secret state includes a sufficient number of protected events. Previous work showed that the problem is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Tomáš Masopust , Jakub Večeřa

The Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) is ubiquitous in various areas of mathematics and computer science. Many of its variations have been studied including the Counting CSP, where the goal is to find the number of solutions to a CSP…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Amirhossein Kazeminia , Andrei A. Bulatov

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are a class of problems that are ubiquitous in science and engineering. It features a collection of constraints specified over subsets of variables. A CSP can be solved either directly or by reducing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Xuanzhao Gao , Xiaofeng Li , Jinguo Liu

Schaefer's dichotomy theorem [Schaefer, STOC'78] states that a boolean constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is polynomial-time solvable if one of six given conditions holds for every type of constraint allowed in its instances. Otherwise,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Patrick Schnider , Simon Weber

Answering Conjunctive Queries (CQs) and solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) are arguably among the most fundamental tasks in Computer Science. They are classical NP-complete problems. Consequently, the search for tractable…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Georg Gottlob , Matthias Lanzinger , Reinhard Pichler

We show that any submodular minimization (SM) problem defined on a linear constraint set with constraints having up to two variables per inequality, are 2-approximable in polynomial time. If the constraints are monotone (the two variables…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-05-01 Dorit S. Hochbaum

The quantified constraint satisfaction problem (QCSP) is a powerful framework for modelling computational problems. The general intractability of the QCSP has motivated the pursuit of restricted cases that avoid its maximal complexity. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hubie Chen

In this paper we propose two algorithms in the tabular setting and an algorithm for the function approximation setting for the Stochastic Shortest Path (SSP) problem. SSP problems form an important class of problems in Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Soumyajit Guin , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Literature on Constraint Satisfaction exhibits the definition of several structural properties that can be possessed by CSPs, like (in)consistency, substitutability or interchangeability. Current tools for constraint solving typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-16 Lucas Bordeaux , Marco Cadoli , Toni Mancini

Many fundamental problems in artificial intelligence, knowledge representation, and verification involve reasoning about sets and relations between sets and can be modeled as set constraint satisfaction problems (set CSPs). Such problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Manuel Bodirsky , Martin Hils , Alex Krimkevich

In recent years, much attention has been placed on the complexity of graph homomorphism problems when the input is restricted to ${\mathbb P}_k$-free and ${\mathbb P}_k$-subgraph-free graphs. We consider the directed version of this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Santiago Guzmán-Pro , Barnaby Martin

A Boolean constraint satisfaction instance is a conjunction of constraint applications, where the allowed constraints are drawn from a fixed set B of Boolean functions. We consider the problem of determining whether two given constraint…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 E. Boehler , E. Hemaspaandra , Steffen Reith , Heribert Vollmer