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Traditional implicit generative models are capable of learning highly complex data distributions. However, their training involves distinguishing real data from synthetically generated data using adversarial discriminators, which can lead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 José Manuel de Frutos , Manuel A. Vázquez , Pablo Olmos , Joaquín Míguez

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMTC) refers to the problem of tagging a given text with the most relevant subset of labels from a large label set. A majority of labels only have a few training instances due to large label…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Yuan Wang , Huiling Song , Peng Huo , Tao Xu , Jucheng Yang , Yarui Chen , Tingting Zhao

Modern image classifiers perform well on populated classes, while degrading considerably on tail classes with only a few instances. Humans, by contrast, effortlessly handle the long-tailed recognition challenge, since they can learn the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yingjun Du , Jiayi Shen , Xiantong Zhen , Cees G. M. Snoek

Two ubiquitous aspects of large-scale data analysis are that the data often have heavy-tailed properties and that diffusion-based or spectral-based methods are often used to identify and extract structure of interest. Perhaps surprisingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Michael W. Mahoney , Hariharan Narayanan

We propose a new kind of embedding for natural language text that deeply represents semantic meaning. Standard text embeddings use the outputs from hidden layers of a pretrained language model. In our method, we let a language model learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Oleg Vasilyev , John Bohannon

In extreme value inference it is a fundamental problem how the target value is required to be extreme by the extreme value theory. In iid settings this study both theoretically and numerically compares tail estimators, which are based on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Taku Moriyama

While the strength of Topological Data Analysis has been explored in many studies on high dimensional numeric data, it is still a challenging task to apply it to text. As the primary goal in topological data analysis is to define and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Shafie Gholizadeh , Ketki Savle , Armin Seyeditabari , Wlodek Zadrozny

Real-world data are long-tailed, the lack of tail samples leads to a significant limitation in the generalization ability of the model. Although numerous approaches of class re-balancing perform well for moderate class imbalance problems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu , Puhua Chen

Training data for text classification is often limited in practice, especially for applications with many output classes or involving many related classification problems. This means classifiers must generalize from limited evidence, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Abhijit Mahabal , Jason Baldridge , Burcu Karagol Ayan , Vincent Perot , Dan Roth

The central limit theorem introduced by Stute [The central limit theorem under random censorship. Ann. Statist. 1995; 23: 422-439] does not hold for some class of heavy-tailed distributions. In this paper, we make use of the extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-19 Louiza Soltane , Djamel Meraghni , Abdelhakim Necir

There is an inescapable long-tailed class-imbalance issue in many real-world classification problems. Current methods for addressing this problem only consider scenarios where all examples come from the same distribution. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Xinyu Yang , Huaxiu Yao , Allan Zhou , Chelsea Finn

We present an algorithm for distributed estimation of an unknown vector parameter $\boldsymbol{\theta}^\ast \in {\mathbb R}^M$ in the presence of heavy-tailed observation and communication noises. Heavy-tailed noises frequently appear,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dragana Bajovic , Dusan Jakovetic , Soummya Kar , Manojlo Vukovic

In the context of Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC), where labels are assigned to text instances from a large label space, the long-tail distribution of labels presents a significant challenge. Labels can be broadly categorized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Celso França , Gestefane Rabbi , Thiago Salles , Washington Cunha , Leonardo Rocha , Marcos André Gonçalves

Supervised distributional methods are applied successfully in lexical entailment, but recent work questioned whether these methods actually learn a relation between two words. Specifically, Levy et al. (2015) claimed that linear classifiers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Tu Vu , Vered Shwartz

Long-tailed data is prevalent in real-world classification tasks and heavily relies on supervised information, which makes the annotation process exceptionally labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unfortunately, despite being a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

Over the last few decades power law distributions have been suggested as forming generative mechanisms in a variety of disparate fields, such as, astrophysics, criminology and database curation. However, fitting these heavy tailed…

Computation · Statistics 2014-08-26 Colin S. Gillespie

Learning disentangled representations of natural language is essential for many NLP tasks, e.g., conditional text generation, style transfer, personalized dialogue systems, etc. Similar problems have been studied extensively for other forms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Pengyu Cheng , Martin Renqiang Min , Dinghan Shen , Christopher Malon , Yizhe Zhang , Yitong Li , Lawrence Carin

Heavy-tailed distributions, prevalent in a lot of real-world applications such as finance, telecommunications, queuing theory, and natural language processing, are challenging to model accurately owing to their slow tail decay. Bernstein…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Abdelhakim Ziani , András Horváth , Paolo Ballarini

We propose an extreme dimension reduction method extending the Extreme-PLS approach to the case where the covariate lies in a possibly infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The ideas are partly borrowed from both Partial Least-Squares and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Stéphane Girard , Cambyse Pakzad

We study the empirical version of halfspace depths with the objective of establishing a connection between the rates of convergence and the tail behaviour of the corresponding underlying distributions. The intricate interplay between the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Sibsankar Singha , Marie Kratz , Sreekar Vadlamani