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Early-stage specifications of safety-critical systems are typically expressed in natural language, making it difficult to derive formal properties suitable for verification and needed to guarantee safety. While recent Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alberto Tagliaferro , Bruno Guindani , Livia Lestingi , Matteo Rossi

The problem of representing the atomic elements of language in modern neural learning systems is one of the central challenges of the field of natural language processing. I present a survey of the distributional, compositional, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Yuval Pinter

We present a semi-automated framework to construct and reason about programs in a deeply-embedded while-language. The while-language we consider is a simple computation model that can simulate (and be simulated by) Turing Machines with a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kevin Kappelmann , Fabian Huch , Lukas Stevens , Mohammad Abdulaziz

We formally verify an algorithm for approximate policy iteration on Factored Markov Decision Processes using the interactive theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. Next, we show how the formalized algorithm can be refined to an executable, verified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Maximilian Schäffeler , Mohammad Abdulaziz

We consider a generalization of polynomial programs: algebraic programs, which are optimization or feasibility problems with algebraic objectives or constraints. Algebraic functions are defined as zeros of multivariate polynomials. They are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Muhammad Maaz , Adam W. Strzeboński

Most scripting languages nowadays use regex pattern-matching libraries. These regex libraries borrow the syntax of regular expressions, but have an informal semantics that is different from the semantics of regular expressions, removing the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-17 Sérgio Medeiros , Fabio Mascarenhas , Roberto Ierusalimschy

Autoformalization has emerged as a term referring to the automation of formalization - specifically, the formalization of mathematics using interactive theorem provers (proof assistants). Its rapid development has been driven by progress in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Agnieszka Mensfelt , David Tena Cucala , Santiago Franco , Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki , Vince Trencsenyi , Kostas Stathis

We explore the applicability of text-to-code to solve real-world problems that are typically solved in natural language, such as legal judgment and medical QA. Unlike previous works, our approach leverages the explicit reasoning provided by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoyang Chen , Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular declarative programming language for solving hard combinatorial problems. Although ASP has gained widespread acceptance in academic and industrial contexts, there are certain user groups who may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Simone Caruso , Carmine Dodaro , Marco Maratea , Marco Mochi , Francesco Riccio

Programming Computable Functions (PCF) is a simplified programming language which provides the theoretical basis of modern functional programming languages. Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming paradigm focused on solving search…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Ingmar Dasseville , Marc Denecker

In object oriented software development, the analysis modeling is concerned with the task of identifying problem level objects along with the relationships between them from software requirements. The software requirements are usually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Jitendra Singh Thakur , Atul Gupta

Recent work by (Richardson and Kuhn, 2017a,b; Richardson et al., 2018) looks at semantic parser induction and question answering in the domain of source code libraries and APIs. In this brief note, we formalize the representations being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Kyle Richardson

Autoformalization, the process of translating informal statements into formal logic, has gained renewed interest with the emergence of powerful Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs show promise in generating structured outputs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mihir Gupte , Ramesh S

As large language models (LLMs) excel at code reasoning, a natural question arises: can an LLM execute programs (i.e., act as an interpreter) purely based on a programming language's formal semantics? If so, it will enable rapid prototyping…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Aditya Thimmaiah , Jiyang Zhang , Jayanth Srinivasa , Junyi Jessy Li , Milos Gligoric

Motivated by algorithmic information theory, the problem of program discovery can help find candidates of underlying generative mechanisms of natural and artificial phenomena. The uncomputability of such inverse problem, however,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-29 Vladimir Lemusa , Eduardo Acuña , Víctor Zamora , Francisco Hernandez-Quiroz , Hector Zenil

In computational complexity theory, a decision problem is NP-complete when it is both in NP and NP-hard. Although a solution to a NP-complete can be verified quickly, there is no known algorithm to solve it in polynomial time. There exists…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Wenxia Guo , Jin Wang , Majun He , Xiaoqin Ren , Wenhong Tian , Qingxian Wang

The research in AI-based formal mathematical reasoning has shown an unstoppable growth trend. These studies have excelled in mathematical competitions like IMO and have made significant progress. This paper focuses on formal verification,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jialun Cao , Yaojie Lu , Meiziniu Li , Haoyang Ma , Haokun Li , Mengda He , Cheng Wen , Le Sun , Hongyu Zhang , Shengchao Qin , Shing-Chi Cheung , Cong Tian

Logic programming is a flexible programming paradigm due to the use of predicates without a fixed data flow. To extend logic languages with the compact notation of functional programming, there are various proposals to map evaluable…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Michael Hanus

We study a new application for text generation -- idiomatic sentence generation -- which aims to transfer literal phrases in sentences into their idiomatic counterparts. Inspired by psycholinguistic theories of idiom use in one's native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Jianing Zhou , Hongyu Gong , Srihari Nanniyur , Suma Bhat

Many recent analyses for conventional imperative programs begin by transforming programs into logic programs, capitalising on existing LP analyses and simple LP semantics. We propose using logic programs as an intermediate program…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Graeme Gange , Jorge A. Navas , Peter Schachte , Harald Sondergaard , Peter J. Stuckey