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Reducing the size of a neural network (pruning) by removing weights without impacting its performance is an important problem for resource-constrained devices. In the past, pruning was typically accomplished by ranking or penalizing weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Rajan Sahu , Shivam Chadha , Nithin Nagaraj , Archana Mathur , Snehanshu Saha

In this paper we introduce a novel method of gradient normalization and decay with respect to depth. Our method leverages the simple concept of normalizing all gradients in a deep neural network, and then decaying said gradients with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Robert Kwiatkowski , Oscar Chang

Data augmentation that introduces diversity into the input data has long been used in training deep learning models. It has demonstrated benefits in improving robustness and generalization, practically aligning well with other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yang Ba , Michelle V. Mancenido , Rong Pan

Dropout is a very effective way of regularizing neural networks. Stochastically "dropping out" units with a certain probability discourages over-specific co-adaptations of feature detectors, preventing overfitting and improving network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Pietro Morerio , Jacopo Cavazza , Riccardo Volpi , Rene Vidal , Vittorio Murino

L2 regularization for weights in neural networks is widely used as a standard training trick. However, L2 regularization for gamma, a trainable parameter of batch normalization, remains an undiscussed mystery and is applied in different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Bum Jun Kim , Hyeyeon Choi , Hyeonah Jang , Dong Gu Lee , Wonseok Jeong , Sang Woo Kim

Over-parameterization is one of the inherent characteristics of modern deep neural networks, which can often be overcome by leveraging regularization methods, such as Dropout. Usually, these methods are applied globally and all the input…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Li Ding , Lee Spector

Convolutional networks are ubiquitous in deep learning. They are particularly useful for images, as they reduce the number of parameters, reduce training time, and increase accuracy. However, as a model of the brain they are seriously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Roman Pogodin , Yash Mehta , Timothy P. Lillicrap , Peter E. Latham

An old idea in optimization theory says that since the gradient is a dual vector it may not be subtracted from the weights without first being mapped to the primal space where the weights reside. We take this idea seriously in this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jeremy Bernstein , Laker Newhouse

We present a novel optimization strategy for training neural networks which we call "BitNet". The parameters of neural networks are usually unconstrained and have a dynamic range dispersed over all real values. Our key idea is to limit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Aswin Raghavan , Mohamed Amer , Sek Chai , Graham Taylor

Here, I present a novel method for normalizing a finite set of numbers, which is studied by the domain of biological vision. Normalizing in this context means searching the maximum and minimum number in a set and then rescaling all numbers…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-09-19 Matthias S. Keil

Due to the over-parameterization nature, neural networks are a powerful tool for nonlinear function approximation. In order to achieve good generalization on unseen data, a suitable inductive bias is of great importance for neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Weiyang Liu , Rongmei Lin , Zhen Liu , Li Xiong , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

In this paper we study the effects of quantization in DNN training. We hypothesize that weight quantization is a form of regularization and the amount of regularization is correlated with the quantization level (precision). We confirm our…

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are an extremely promising method to reduce deep neural networks' complexity and power consumption massively. Binarization techniques, however, suffer from ineligible performance degradation compared to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Tal Rozen , Moshe Kimhi , Brian Chmiel , Avi Mendelson , Chaim Baskin

The successful training of deep neural networks requires addressing challenges such as overfitting, numerical instabilities leading to divergence, and increasing variance in the residual stream. A common solution is to apply regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jörg K. H. Franke , Urs Spiegelhalter , Marianna Nezhurina , Jenia Jitsev , Frank Hutter , Michael Hefenbrock

In a variational denoising model, weight in the data fidelity term plays the role of enhancing the noise-removal capability. It is profoundly correlated with noise information, while also balancing the data fidelity and regularization…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Xiangyu Rui , Xiangyong Cao , Xile Zhao , Deyu Meng , Michael K. NG

We propose a novel regularization algorithm to train deep neural networks, in which data at training time is severely biased. Since a neural network efficiently learns data distribution, a network is likely to learn the bias information to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Byungju Kim , Hyunwoo Kim , Kyungsu Kim , Sungjin Kim , Junmo Kim

Some novel strategies have recently been proposed for single hidden layer neural network training that set randomly the weights from input to hidden layer, while weights from hidden to output layer are analytically determined by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-26 R. Cancelliere , R. Deluca , M. Gai , P. Gallinari , L. Rubini

Optimal parameter initialization remains a crucial problem for neural network training. A poor weight initialization may take longer to train and/or converge to sub-optimal solutions. Here, we propose a method of weight re-initialization by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Norman Mu , Zhewei Yao , Amir Gholami , Kurt Keutzer , Michael Mahoney

Despite the success of CNN models on a variety of Image classification and segmentation tasks, their extensive computational and storage demands pose considerable challenges for real-world deployment on resource-constrained devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ahmed Luqman , Khuzemah Qazi , Murray Patterson , Malik Jahan Khan , Imdadullah Khan

Operating deep neural networks (DNNs) on devices with limited resources requires the reduction of their memory as well as computational footprint. Popular reduction methods are network quantization or pruning, which either reduce the word…