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Related papers: Multivariate fractional phase--type distributions

200 papers

Reinforcement learning algorithms typically assume rewards to be sampled from light-tailed distributions, such as Gaussian or bounded. However, a wide variety of real-world systems generate rewards that follow heavy-tailed distributions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Vincent Zhuang , Yanan Sui

In this paper we introduce a bivariate distribution on $\mathbb{R}_{+} \times \mathbb{N}$ arising from a single underlying Markov jump process. The marginal distributions are phase-type and discrete phase-type distributed, respectively,…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-05 Martin Bladt , Clara Brimnes Gardner

The paper focuses on a class of light-tailed multivariate probability distributions. These are obtained via a transformation of the margins from a heavy-tailed original distribution. This class was introduced in Balkema et al. (J.…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Guus Balkema , Paul Embrechts , Natalia Nolde

A connection between fractional calculus and statistical distribution theory has been established by the authors recently. Some extensions of the results to matrix-variate functions were also considered. In the present article, more results…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-03-01 A. M. Mathai , H. J. Haubold

We show that a simple mechanistic model of spatial dispersal for settling organisms, subject to parameter variability, can generate heavy-tailed radial probability density functions. The movement of organisms in the model consists of a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Luis F. Gordillo , Priscilla E. Greenwood

There is a well established theory that links semi-Markov chains having Mittag-Leffler waiting times to time-fractional equations. We here go beyond the semi-Markov setting, by defining some non-Markovian chains whose waiting times,…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-20 Lorenzo Facciaroni , Costantino Ricciuti , Enrico Scalas , Bruno Toaldo

We consider a multivariate heavy-tailed stochastic volatility model and analyze the large-sample behavior of its sample covariance matrix. We study the limiting behavior of its entries in the infinite-variance case and derive results for…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-10 Anja Janßen , Thomas Mikosch , Mohsen Rezapour , Xiaolei Xie

The upper extremes of a Markov chain with regulary varying stationary marginal distribution are known to exhibit under general conditions a multiplicative random walk structure called the tail chain. More generally, if the Markov chain is…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Johan Segers

We extend the construction principle of phase-type (PH) distributions to allow for inhomogeneous transition rates and show that this naturally leads to direct probabilistic descriptions of certain transformations of PH distributions. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-01 Hansjörg Albrecher , Mogens Bladt

Subdiffusion on graphs is often modeled by time-fractional diffusion equations, yet its structural and dynamical consequences remain unclear. We show that subdiffusive transport on graphs is a memory-driven process generated by a random…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nikita Deniskin , Ernesto Estrada

The class of inhomogeneous phase-type distributions (IPH) was recently introduced in Albrecher and Bladt (2019) as an extension of the classical phase-type (PH) distributions. Like PH distributions, the class of IPH is dense in the class of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Hansjoerg Albrecher , Mogens Bladt , Jorge Yslas

The core learning signal used in language model distillation is the standard Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the student and teacher distributions. Traditional KL divergence tends to be dominated by the next tokens with the highest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sayantan Dasgupta , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Heavy-tailed distributions are found throughout many naturally occurring phenomena. We have reviewed the models of stochastic dynamics that lead to heavy-tailed distributions (and power law distributions, in particular) including the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ph. Blanchard , T. Krueger , D. Volchenkov

We propose a class of non-Markov population models with continuous or discrete state space via a limiting procedure involving sequences of rescaled and randomly time-changed Galton--Watson processes. The class includes as specific cases the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-12 Luisa Andreis , Federico Polito , Laura Sacerdote

We study three non-equivalent queueing models in continuous time that each generalise the classical M/M/1 queue in a different way. Inter-event times in all models are Mittag-Leffler distributed, which is a heavy tail distribution with no…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Jacob Butt , Nicos Georgiou , Enrico Scalas

We propose a multivariate generative model to capture the complex dependence structure often encountered in business and financial data. Our model features heterogeneous and asymmetric tail dependence between all pairs of individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Xiangqian Sun , Xing Yan , Qi Wu

Models based on multivariate t distributions are widely applied to analyze data with heavy tails. However, all the marginal distributions of the multivariate t distributions are restricted to have the same degrees of freedom, making these…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-04-08 Zhichao Jiang , Peng Ding

Motivated by the study of the time evolution of random dynamical systems arising in a vast variety of domains --- ranging from physics to ecology ---, we establish conditions for the occurrence of a non-trivial asymptotic behaviour for…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Vladimir Belitsky , Mikhail Menshikov , Dimitri Petritis , Marina Vachkovskaia

This paper introduces a discrete-time fractional Poisson process defined as a renewal process, where the waiting times follow a discrete Mittag-Leffler distribution. We investigate its fundamental properties by explicitly deriving the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Naohiro Yoshida

The dominant approaches to text representation in natural language rely on learning embeddings on massive corpora which have convenient properties such as compositionality and distance preservation. In this paper, we develop a novel method…