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Due to the exquisite photometric precision, transiting exoplanet discoveries from the Kepler mission are enabling several new techniques of confirmation and characterization. One of these newly accessible techniques analyzes the phase…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Stephen R. Kane , Dawn M. Gelino

Johannes Kepler's attempt to explain the arrangement of the six innermost planets of the Solar System using his Platonic Solid Model-which postulates that planetary orbits are nested within the five Platonic solids-was ultimately…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-01 Ji Wang

With over 1800 planets discovered outside of the Solar System in the past two decades, the field of exoplanetology has broadened our perspective on planetary systems. Research priorities are now moving from planet detection to planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-07 Julien de Wit

The discovery of habitable exoplanets has long been a heated topic in astronomy. Traditional methods for exoplanet identification include the wobble method, direct imaging, gravitational microlensing, etc., which not only require a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-05 Yucheng Jin , Lanyi Yang , Chia-En Chiang

The population of exoplanetary systems detected by Kepler provides opportunities to refine our understanding of planet formation. Unraveling the conditions needed to produce the observed exoplanets will sallow us to make informed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Gijs D. Mulders , David P. O'Brien , Fred J. Ciesla , Daniel Apai , Ilaria Pascucci

The {\it Kepler} mission has detected thousands of planetary systems with 1-7 transiting planets packed within 0.7~au from their host stars. There is an apparent excess of single-transit planet systems that cannot be explained by transit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-11 Dong Lai , Bonan Pu

The planetary systems detected so far already exhibit a wide diversity of architectures, and various methods are proposed to study quantitatively this diversity. Straightforward ways to quantify the difference between two systems and more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Dolev Bashi , Shay Zucker

Transiting planets in multiple-star systems, especially high-order multiples, make up a small fraction of the known planet population but provide unique opportunities to study the environments in which planets would have formed.…

Exoplanets observed by the {\it Kepler} telescope exhibit a bi-modal, radius distribution, which is known as the radius gap. We explore an origin of the radius gap, focusing on multi-planet systems. Our simple theoretical argument predicts…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Udit Arora , Yasuhiro Hasegawa

The collection of planetary system properties derived from large surveys such as Kepler provides critical constraints on planet formation and evolution. These constraints can only be applied to planet formation models, however, if the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Gijs D. Mulders , Christoph Mordasini , Ilaria Pascucci , Fred J. Ciesla , Alexandre Emsenhuber , Daniel Apai

A planetary system consists of a host star and one or more planets, arranged into a particular configuration. Here, we consider what information belongs to the configuration, or ordering, of 4286 Kepler planets in their 3277 planetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Emily Sandford , David Kipping , Michael Collins

Precise exoplanet characterization requires precise classification of exoplanet host stars. The masses of host stars are commonly estimated by comparing their spectra to those predicted by stellar evolution models. However,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Benjamin T. Montet , John Asher Johnson

The search for habitable exoplanets and life beyond the Solar System is one of the most compelling scientific opportunities of our time. Nevertheless, the high cost of building facilities that can address this topic and the keen public…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-14 Jacob L. Bean , Dorian S. Abbot , Eliza M. -R. Kempton

This paper considers whether the population of known transiting exoplanets provides evidence for additional outer planets on inclined orbits, due to the perturbing effect of such planets on the orbits of inner planets. As such, we develop a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-31 Matthew J. Read , Mark C. Wyatt , Amaury H. M. J. Triaud

Features in the distribution of exoplanet parameters by period demonstrate that the distribution of planet parameters is rich with information that can provide essential guidance to understanding planet histories. Structure has been found…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-09 Stuart F. Taylor

Characterizing the dependence of the orbital architectures and formation environments on the eccentricity distribution of planets is vital for understanding planet formation. In this work, we perform statistical eccentricity studies of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-14 Sean M. Mills , Andrew W. Howard , Erik A. Petigura , Benjamin J. Fulton , Howard Isaacson , Lauren M. Weiss

We study the orbital architecture of multi-planet systems detected by the Kepler transit mission using N-body simulations, focusing on the orbital spacing between adjacent planets in systems showing four or more transiting planets. We find…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-01 Bonan Pu , Yanqin Wu

The Kepler mission observed thousands of transiting exoplanet candidates around hundreds of thousands of FGK dwarf stars. He, Ford, & Ragozzine (2019) (arXiv:1907.07773) applied forward modeling to infer the distribution of intrinsic…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-10 Matthias Y. He , Eric B. Ford , Darin Ragozzine

Although the architectures of compact multiple-planet systems are well-characterized, there has been little examination of their "outer edges", or the locations of their outermost planets. Here we present evidence that the observed…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Sarah C. Millholland , Matthias Y. He , Jon K. Zink

One of the most important developments in exoplanet science in the past decade is the discovery of multi-planet systems with sub-Neptune-sized planets interior to 1~AU. This chapter explores the architectures of these planetary systems,…