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Quantum systems, in general, output data that cannot be simulated efficiently by a classical computer, and hence is useful for solving certain mathematical problems and simulating quantum many-body systems. This also implies, unfortunately,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Keisuke Fujii , Masahito Hayashi

We initiate the study of quantum Interactive Oracle Proofs (qIOPs), a generalization of both quantum Probabilistically Checkable Proofs and quantum Interactive Proofs, as well as a quantum analogue of classical Interactive Oracle Proofs. In…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Baocheng Sun , Thomas Vidick

We define the notion of a classical commitment scheme to quantum states, which allows a quantum prover to compute a classical commitment to a quantum state, and later open each qubit of the state in either the standard or the Hadamard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Sam Gunn , Yael Tauman Kalai , Anand Natarajan , Agi Villanyi

We propose a class of quantum no-key protocols for private communication of classical message based on quantum computing of random Boolean permutations, and demonstrate that they are information-theoretic secure. These protocols are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-17 Li Yang

A theorem is proved which states that no classical key generating protocol could ever be provably secure. Consequently, candidates for provably secure protocols must rely on some quantum effect. Theorem relies on the fact that BB84 Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mario Stipcevic

Quantum cloud computing is emerging as a popular model for users to experience the power of quantum computing through the internet, enabling quantum computing as a service. The question is, when the scale of the computational problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-21 Man-Hong Yung , Bin Cheng

We present an accreditation protocol for the outputs of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. By testing entire circuits rather than individual gates, our accreditation protocol can provide an upper-bound on the variation distance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Samuele Ferracin , Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

The widely held belief that BQP strictly contains BPP raises fundamental questions: Upcoming generations of quantum computers might already be too large to be simulated classically. Is it possible to experimentally test that these systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-18 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or , Elad Eban

Recent advances in theoretical and experimental quantum computing bring us closer to scalable quantum computing devices. This makes the need for protocols that verify the correct functionality of quantum operations timely and has led to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-26 Alexandru Gheorghiu , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

We propose a QKD protocol for trusted node relays. Our protocol shifts the communication and computational weight of classical post-processing to the end users by reassigning the roles of error correction and privacy amplification, while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-12 William Stacey , Razieh Annabestani , Xiongfeng Ma , Norbert Lütkenhaus

This paper discusses the use of computer-aided verification as a practical means for analysing quantum information systems; specifically, the BB84 protocol for quantum key distribution is examined using this method. This protocol has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Rajagopal Nagarajan , Nikolaos Papanikolaou , Garry Bowen , Simon Gay

Quantum protocols such as the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution protocol exchange qubits to achieve information-theoretic security guarantees. Many variants thereof were proposed, some of them being already deployed. Existing security proofs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Lucca Hirschi

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Secure cryptographic protocols are indispensable for modern communication systems. It is realized through an encryption process in cryptography. In quantum cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a widely popular quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-03 Arunaday Gupta , Bikash K. Behera , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Authentication of quantum sources is a crucial task in building reliable and efficient protocols for quantum-information processing. Steady progress vis-\`{a}-vis verification of quantum devices in the scenario with fully characterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 Aleksandra Gočanin , Ivan Šupić , Borivoje Dakić

In this paper we introduce a technique and a tool for formal verification of various quantum information processing protocols. The tool uses stabilizer formalism and is capable of representing concurrent quantum protocol, thus is more…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-12-23 Ebrahim Ardeshir-Larijani , Simon J. Gay , Rajagopal Nagarajan

Many quantum algorithms rely on the measurement of complex quantum amplitudes. Standard approaches to obtain the phase information, such as the Hadamard test, give rise to large overheads due to the need for global controlled-unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Yilun Yang , Arthur Christianen , Mari Carmen Bañuls , Dominik S. Wild , J. Ignacio Cirac

The problem of reliably certifying the outcome of a computation performed by a quantum device is rapidly gaining relevance. We present two protocols for a classical verifier to verifiably delegate a quantum computation to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Andrea Coladangelo , Alex Grilo , Stacey Jeffery , Thomas Vidick

We consider a new model for the testing of untrusted quantum devices, consisting of a single polynomial-time bounded quantum device interacting with a classical polynomial-time verifier. In this model we propose solutions to two tasks - a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 Zvika Brakerski , Paul Christiano , Urmila Mahadev , Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

One of the main challenges in the field of quantum simulation and computation is to identify ways to certify the correct functioning of a device when a classical efficient simulation is not available. Important cases are situations in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-14 D. Hangleiter , M. Kliesch , M. Schwarz , J. Eisert